Abstract:
A composite oxygen transport membrane having a dense layer, a porous support layer and an intermediate porous layer located between the dense layer and the porous support layer. Both the dense layer and the intermediate porous layer are formed from an ionic conductive material to conduct oxygen ions and an electrically conductive material to conduct electrons. The porous support layer has a high permeability, high porosity, and a high average pore diameter and the intermediate porous layer has a lower permeability and lower pore diameter than the porous support layer. Catalyst particles selected to promote oxidation of a combustible substance are located in the intermediate porous layer and in the porous support adjacent to the intermediate porous layer. The catalyst particles can be formed by wicking a solution of catalyst precursors through the porous support toward the intermediate porous layer.
Abstract:
A method of generating electrical power in which a synthesis gas stream generated in a gasifier (12, 12', 12' ') is combusted in an oxygen transport membrane (28) system of a boiler (26). The combustion generates heat to raise steam to in turn generate electricity by a generator (42) coupled to a steam turbine (40). The resultant flue gas can be purified to produce a carbon dioxide product (154).
Abstract:
An electrically driven oxygen separation assembly and method for applying an electrical potential in which the assembly has one or more tubular membrane elements. The potential is applied at two central spaced locations of a tubular membrane element and at least at opposite end locations thereof. As a result the electric current flow through the tubular membrane element is divided into two parts flowing between the two central spaced locations and the opposite end locations. Additionally, the present invention also provides an end seal to be used in connection with tubular membrane elements.
Abstract:
A commercially viable modular ceramic oxygen transport membrane reforming reactor for producing a synthesis gas that improves the thermal coupling of reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane tubes and catalyst reforming tubes required to efficiently and effectively produce synthesis gas.
Abstract:
A method of generating electrical power in which a synthesis gas stream generated in a gasifier (12, 12', 12' ') is combusted in an oxygen transport membrane (28) system of a boiler (26). The combustion generates heat to raise steam to in turn generate electricity by a generator (42) coupled to a steam turbine (40). The resultant flue gas can be purified to produce a carbon dioxide product (154).
Abstract:
A hydrogen storage system and method (1; 1'; 1'') having a main hydrogen storage site (10, 12; 70, 72; 80) that contains a sufficient amount of hydrogen for a fuel cell employing a polymer membrane to generate power in accordance with a predetermined electrical power requirement. An auxiliary hydrogen storage site (16) contains a sufficient amount of hydrogen to allow the fuel cell to operate on a scheduled basis that is required to maintain the polymer membrane hydrated. A manifold (18; 18'; 18'') connects the main (10, 12; 70, 72; 80) and auxiliary hydrogen storage sites (16) and has an outlet to deliver hydrogen to the fuel cell. The manifold (18; 18'; 18'') allows the auxiliary hydrogen storage site (16) to be renewed independently of the main storage site (10, 12; 70, 72; 80) and has a flow control network to allow the fuel cell to draw hydrogen from the auxiliary hydrogen storage site (16) for maintenance purposes without utilization of the hydrogen from the main hydrogen storage site (10, 12; 70, 72; 80).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a commercially viable modular ceramic oxygen transport membrane system for utilizing heat generated in reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane tubes to generate steam, heat process fluid and/or provide energy to carry out endothermic chemical reactions. The system provides for improved thermal coupling of oxygen transport membrane tubes to steam generation tubes or process heater tubes for efficient and effective radiant heat transfer. A oxygen transport membrane panel comprises a plurality of oxygen transport membrane repeating units (204) arranged in a tightly packed linear or co-planar orientation. Each oxygen transport membrane repeating unit (204) comprises two or more oxygen transport membrane tubes coupled together and configured to be in fluid communication with either a feed manifold (268) or an exhaust manifold (264). The oxygen transport membrane tubes have a permeate side located on an interior surface of the tube and a retentate side located on an exterior surface of the tube.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a commercially viable modular ceramic oxygen transport membrane reforming reactor configured using repeating assemblies of oxygen transport membrane tubes and catalytic reforming reactors.
Abstract:
An oxygen transport membrane assembly having a coating or overlay system is provided. The overlay or coating system is disposed on the one or more surfaces of the metal containing components within the oxygen transport membrane assembly and comprises a plurality of protective layers providing oxidation resistance, chromium diffusion barrier and high emissivity. The disclosed overlay or coating system may include at least one layer of an aluminum oxide or magnesium-aluminum oxide to provide an effective oxidation resistance and/or chromium diffusion barrier. In addition, the overlay or coating system includes a high emissivity layer such as a high porosity ceramic-oxide layer or an aluminum-phosphate layer including a plurality of carbon encapsulated within the aluminum-phosphate matrix.
Abstract:
A composite oxygen ion transport membrane (1) having a dense layer (10), a porous support layer (12), an optional intermediate porous layer (14) located between the porous support layer (12) and the dense layer (10) and an optional surface exchange layer (16), overlying the dense layer (10). The dense layer (10) has electronic and ionic phases. The ionic phase is composed of scandia doped, yttrium or cerium stabilized zirconia. The electronic phase is composed of a metallic oxide containing lanthanum, strontium, chromium, manganese and vanadium and optionally cerium. The porous support layer (12) is composed of zirconia partially stabilized with yttrium, scandium, aluminum or cerium or mixtures thereof. The intermediate porous layer (14), if used, contains the same ionic and electronic phases as the dense layer. The surface exchange layer (16) is formed of an electronic phase of a metallic oxide of lanthanum and strontium that also contains either manganese or iron and an ionic phase of scandia doped zirconia stabilized with yttrium or cerium.