摘要:
The invention relates to a mesofluidic reactor to perform a chemical reaction of a starting material, wherein components of said reactor are combined together to form said reactor in accordance with one of the following schemes depending on phase state of the starting material: (i) in case of a liquid phase starting material, said starting material is introduced from a container (1), optionally by means of a HPLC pump or any other pump (2) suitable for transporting fluids, through a tubing (3) suitable for transporting fluids into a high-pressure spraying head (4) equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit and having a nozzle, wherein an inert/reagent gas is fed into said spraying head through an inert/reagent gas conduit (10), as well as a control valve (7), a mass flowmeter (8) and a pressure gauge (9) all inserted into said conduit in this order, and wherein said spraying head (4) is connected to an inlet of a reactor tube (12) arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit (11), wherein an outlet of said reactor tube is connected to a cooled product trap (13) to collect conversed substances, and wherein an outlet of said product trap is connected to a vacuum tap (14) and a vacuum pump (15) to facilitate the use of vacuum; or (ii) in case of a solid phase starting material, an inert/reagent gas is introduced from a gas source (6) through a control valve (7), a mass flowmeter (8) and a pressure gauge (9) into a solids container (5) connected from below and essentially at a right angle to a high-pressure spraying head (4) equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit and having a nozzle, said spraying head is connected to an inlet of a reactor tube (12) arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit (11), wherein an outlet of said reactor tube is connected to a cooled product trap (13) to collect conversed substances, and wherein an outlet of said product trap is connected to a vacuum tap (14) and a vacuum pump (15) to facilitate the use of vacuum. The spraying head is configured to generate a particle size distribution with nano and micro sized particles in case of the liquid phase starting material and a particle size distribution with nano, micro or even larger sized particles in case of the solid phase starting material. Moreover, the inert/reagent gas is preheated over the surface of said piezoelectric crystal unit.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a reactor and to a process for synthesis of hydrogen sulphide from elemental sulphur and hydrogen at elevated pressure and elevated temperature. The invention further relates to the use of the reactor for preparation of hydrogen sulphide in high yield and with a low H 2 S x content.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及在升高的压力和升高的温度下由元素硫和氢合成硫化氢的反应器和方法。 本发明进一步涉及该反应器用于高收率和低H 2 S x含量制备硫化氢的用途。 p>
摘要:
A process for effecting a multi-phase reaction in which at least one of the phases is liquid, comprises effecting the reaction by flowing the reactants through at least one reaction zone comprising an un-packed channel having a minimum dimension in the range 0.5 to 20 mm. The process shows advantageous reaction properties compared with similar processes taking place in stirred tank reactors.
摘要:
Um die Durchführung von radikalischen Gasphasenreaktionen dahingehend zu verbessern, dass einerseits die Reaktionstemperatur möglichst niedrig gehalten werden kann, andererseits aber eine ausreichende Menge an Radikalen für die Reaktion zur Verfügung steht, werden in einen Reaktor (1) ein oder mehrere Edukte (A) geleitet, die dort bei einer ersten Temperatur (T1) in Gegenwart von einer oder mehreren Radikalspezies (R*) zu einem oder mehreren Produkten (P) reagieren; die Radikalspezies (R*) werden ausserhalb des Reaktors (1) bei einer zweiten Temperatur (T2), die höher als die erste Temperatur (T1) ist, aus Radikalbildnern (RB) durch thermischen Zerfall erzeugt und anschliessend in den Reaktor (1) mit den darin enthaltenen Edukten (A) eingespeist.
摘要:
A method of making a liquid fuel from agricultural waste which may be animal manure, includes admixing agricultural waste with at least one material selected from the group consisting of hydrogen gas and water, at elevated pressure heating a mixture to about 300 DEG C to 400 DEG C for a predetermined time, subsequently cooling the mixture, and subsequently separating gas from liquid. The process produces a liquid fuel having a high heating BTU value per pound of fuel. The water preferably functions as both a solvent and the hydrogen donor for said agricultural waste. Corresponding apparatus is provided.
摘要:
The present invention is a devolatilization process and apparatus utilizing a high surface area material within a rotatable device which is mounted within an enclosed vessel.
摘要:
Shear mixing apparatuses and associated methods are disclosed for controllably and economically producing small gas bubbles, for example, of an average diameter of less than about 0.5 millimeters in a liquid, whereby mass transfer of the gas into the liquid is improved (as compared to the mass transfer achieved by conventional large bubble generators under the same circumstances) in applications benefiting by such improved mass transfer, involving injecting a gas under pressure via one or more orifices into a liquid that is flowing at a velocity sufficient to cause bubbles formed at the orifice(s) to subdivide to the desired small bubble size.
摘要:
A heat exchanger comprising a stack of thin metal discs (10 to 17) which are diffusion-bonded together. The discs (10 to 17) have patterns of orifices which cooperate with orifices in adjoining discs (10 to 17) to provide (a) passageways (30) for a first fluid to pass through the heat exchanger in a substantially longitudinal direction (33) and (b) passageways for a second fluid, such as a coolant, to pass through the heat exchanger along substantially transverse paths (23). An optional feature is the provision of a sequence of discs which enable further process fluids to be introduced transversely into the heat exchanger through slots (110) and through orifices (111, 112) in the walls of the passageways (30). The invention also has optional provision for the admission from a transverse direction into the longitudinally extending passageways of further or different first fluids.
摘要:
A chaotic convection effect mixing exchanger comprising a duct consisting of one or more members (1, 1 , 1 ,..., 1 ) arranged end to end and containing a flowing fluid to be mixed and/or subjected to a heat flow. A portion of said duct is made of a chaos-generating member including at least two curved portions defining two planes of curvature defined as the planes passing through the centre of the arc of the circle defining the curve and the tangent to said curved portion, said planes of curvature being orthogonal. Said exchanger may be used with viscous and fragile fluids.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for producing C 2 + hydrocarbons, and systems for implementing the process, that includes providing a reactant feed that includes methane and an oxygen containing gas to a first reaction zone, wherein the temperature of the reactant feed is less than 700 °C, contacting the reactant feed with a first catalyst capable of catalyzing an oxidative coupling of methane reaction (OCM) to produce a first product stream that includes C2+ hydrocarbons and heat, and contacting the first product stream with a second catalyst capable of catalyzing an OCM reaction to produce a second product stream that includes C 2 + hydrocarbons, wherein the produced heat is at least partially used to heat the first product stream prior to or during contact with the second catalyst, wherein the amount of C 2 + hydrocarbons in the second product stream is greater than the amount of C 2 + hydrocarbons in the first product stream.