Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrreaktor (14) zur mehrphasigen Polymerisation, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Butylkautschuk, mit einem Rohrstück (16) zur radialen Begrenzung eines Reaktorvolumens zwischen einem Einlass (18) und einem Auslass (20), einem Rührer (22) zur Erzeugung einer Strömung (27) in radialer Richtung des Rohrstücks (16), wobei der Rührer (22) derart dimensioniert und betreibbar ist, dass der Strömung (27) eine Zentrifugalkraft aufprägbar ist, die eine Konzentrationsverteilung in radialer Richtung innerhalb des Rohrstücks (16) erzeugt, und eine Auslassleitung (32) zur Ableitung eines aufkonzentrierten radialinneren Teils (30) der Strömung (27, 28). Durch die Aufkonzentrierung von Polymer-Partikeln im radial inneren Teil (30) der Strömung (27, 28) wird ein Verkleben des Rohrstücks (16) durch die Polymer-Partikel vermieden, so dass das Risiko einer Verstopfung reduziert ist.
Abstract:
A process for heating a polymer-containing stream being transferred from a polymerization reactor to a separation zone or device, comprising passing the stream through at least two heaters operating in parallel, each heater comprising at least one transfer line for the stream and means for heating the transfer line, wherein the temperature of the polymer-containing stream at the outlet of all heaters is maintained above the dew point of the stream, and no heater has a volumetric fiowrate of polymer-containing stream more than three times that of any other heater.
Abstract:
A process for the slurry polymerization of one or more α-olefins in a sequence of at least two loop reactors interconnected by means of a transfer line, the transfer of polymer from a first loop reactor to a second loop reactor comprising the steps: i) establishing a recycle of polymer slurry to the second loop reactor by means of said transfer line, whereby a fraction of polymer slurry S1 withdrawn from said second loop reactor is continuously recycled back to it; ii) discharging a fraction of polymer slurry produced in the first loop reactor into a discharge line connected to said transfer line;
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing amorphous nanoporous silica enabling mixing of source materials with accurate equivalence ratio by generating an eddy current using high-speed reaction nozzles and capable of controlling physical properties using a continuous circulation polymerizer which performs high-speed stirring and low-speed stirring and amorphous nanoporous silica prepared by the method, which has a BET surface area of 100-850 m /g, a pore size of 2-100 nm and a pore volume of 0.2-2.5 mL/g.
Abstract:
The invention relates to catalysts for the enantioselective aldol or Mannich reaction. Said catalysts have an increased molecular weight by being bound to a polymer and as active units that enantioselectively catalyse the aldol or Mannich reaction comprise a compound of general formula (I). The invention also relates to a method for the production and use of said catalysts.
Abstract:
Disclosed are nylon salt solution preparation processes including a trim diamine feed. The nylon salt solution is prepared by feeding a dicarboxylic acid monomer and a diamine monomer to a single continuous stirred tank reactor. The dicarboxylic acid is metered, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to the reactor. The nylon salt solution is formed continuously and has low variability from a target pH and/or a target salt solution concentration. The nylon salt solution is transferred directly to a storage tank, without further monomer addition, pH adjustment, or salt solution adjustment after exiting the continuous stirred tank reactor.
Abstract:
Digestion units for processing cellulosic biomass can comprise a chamber having a height that is greater than its width, the chamber having an opening suitable for solids introduction located within the upper 20% of its height; one or more first fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the lower 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits extending into the chamber and being elevated above the bottom of the chamber; one or more second fluid conduits connected to the chamber within the upper 20% of its height, at least one of the first fluid conduits being fluidly coupled to at least one of the second fluid conduits; a porous medium located in the chamber within the lower 20% of its height; and a movable pressure isolation device covering the opening; wherein the digestion unit is operable to maintain a pressure of at least 30 bar.
Abstract:
A reaction apparatus includes a first reaction cell fluidly connected to a second reaction cell so that a liquid can be actively transported from the first cell into the second cell. Each reaction cell includes a gas inlet for introducing a gas into the cells to be mixed and reacted with the liquid. The gas inlet of one reaction cell can be connected to a gas outlet of the other reaction cell enabling the gas to flow between cells. A gas processor can be connected in fluid communication between cells to process the gas flowing between the cells. The liquid exiting the second cell can be recycled into the first cell. A liquid processor can be connected in fluid communication with the liquid recycle stream to process the recycled liquid.
Abstract:
Methods for producing elastomers or elastomeric compositions are provided. One or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins and one or more comonomers can be polymerized in the presence of a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbons to provide a slurry comprising polymer product, unreacted monomer and the diluent. The slurry can be extruded to separate at least a portion of the diluent from the polymer product. The separated diluent can be recycled for polymerizing the one or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins.
Abstract:
A process/apparatus is disclosed for continuously separating a liquid medium comprising diluent and unreacted monomers from a polymerization effluent comprising diluent, unreacted monomers and polymer solids, comprising a continuous discharge of the polymerization effluent from a slurry reactor through a discharge valve and transfer conduit into a first intermediate pressure flash tank with a conical bottom defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to that of horizontal equal to or greater than the angle of slide of the slurry/polymer solids and an exit seal chamber of such diameter (d) and length (1) as to maintain a desired volume of concentrated polymer solids/slurry in the exit seal chamber such as to form a pressure seal while continuously discharging a plug flow of concentrated polymer solids/slurry bottom product of the first flash tank from the exit seal chamber through a seal chamber exit reducer with inclined sides defined by substantially straight sides inclined at an angle to that of horizontal equal to or greater than the angle of slide of the polymer solids which remain after removal of about 50 to 100 % of the inert diluent therefrom to a second flash tank at a lower pressure.