Abstract:
Bromine containing compounds, such as calcium bromide, sodium bromide and the like, are prepared in high purity and more quickly with less waste by using a process with two bromination stages and often a third step wherein the crude product mixture can be adjusted to meet specific product requirements. In the first bromination stage, the majority, but not all, of a substrate is brominated usiung a reductive bromination reaction, the remaining unreacted substrate is converted to product in the second stage through another a reductive bromination reaction, although the specific reagents may be different, wherein the addition of bromine and a reducing agent are carefully monitored.
Abstract:
A process for converting gaseous alkanes to olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof wherein a gaseous feed containing alkanes is thermally reacted with a dry bromine vapor to form alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide. Poly-brominated alkanes present in the alkyl bromides are further reacted with methane over a suitable catalyst to form mono-brominated species. The mixture of alkyl bromides and hydrogen bromide is then reacted over a suitable catalyst at a temperature sufficient to form olefins, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof and hydrogen bromide. Various methods are disclosed to remove the hydrogen bromide from the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, to generate bromine from the hydrogen bromide for use in the process, and to selectively form mono-brominated alkanes in the bromination step.
Abstract:
There is provided a process of treating a metalliferrous material including at least one metal material fraction. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction includes a respective metal, wherein the respective metal is a transition metal. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction also includes a respective first operative material fraction and a respective second operative material fraction. The respective first operative material fraction consists of an elemental form of the respective metal, and the respective second operative material fraction consists of at least one oxide of the respective metal. The method includes providing reagent material including at least one diatomic halogen and at least one aluminium halide. The reagent material is contacted with the metalliferrous material in a reaction zone so as to effect a reactive process which effects production of an intermediate reaction product including at least one produced metal halide. Each one of the at least one produced metal halide includes a respective metal corresponding to the respective metal of a respective one of the at least one metal material fraction. A separation fraction is separated from the intermediate reaction product. The separation fraction includes at least one recovered metal halide.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a non-hazardous brominating reagent from an aqueous alkaline bromine byproduct solution obtained from bromine recovery plant and containing 25 to 35 % bromine dissolved in aqueous lime or sodium hydroxide containing alkali bromide and alkali bromate mixture having bromide to bromate stoichiometric ratio in the range of 5:1 to 5.1:1 or 2:1 to 2.1:1 and a pH ranging between 8-12 and also relates to a method for borminating aromatic compounds by using the above brominating agent.
Abstract:
Bromine containing compounds, such as calcium bromide, sodium bromide and the like, are prepared in high purity and more quickly with less waste by using a process with two bromination stages and often a third step wherein the crude product mixture can be adjusted to meet specific product requirements. In the first bromination stage, the majority, but not all, of a substrate is brominated usiung a reductive bromination reaction, the remaining unreacted substrate is converted to product in the second stage through another a reductive bromination reaction, although the specific reagents may be different, wherein the addition of bromine and a reducing agent are carefully monitored.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung Zinkbromid und Lithiumbromid enthaltender aprotischer Lösungen, bei dem die Umsetzung der Edukte zu dem Produkt als Eintopfreaktion durchgeführt wird.
Abstract:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elementhalogeniden beschrieben, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass in einem ersten Schritt eine Mischung aus einem Material enthaltend das entsprechende Element und Kohlenstoff oder kohlenstoffhaltigem Material hergestellt wird und diese Mischung mit einem unter den Reaktionsbedingungen gasförmigen Halogen, Halogenwasserstoff oder deren Gemischen in Kontakt gebracht und erhitzt wird, wobei die Energiezufuhr durch ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld erfolgt.
Abstract:
This invention relates to compositions for the hydrometallurgical recovery of precious metals, and the use of certain of such compositions in other applications. The composition comprises: water, at least about 25 % by weight bromine, between about 4 % and about 30 % by weight hydrobromic acid, and between about 4 % and about 15 % by weight of a metal bromine. The composition comprising a molar excess of bromide ion over bromine of at least about 30 %. The composition has a pH of not greater than about 1.0.
Abstract:
There is provided a process of treating a metalliferrous material including at least one metal material fraction. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction includes a respective metal, wherein the respective metal is a transition metal. Each one of the at least one metal material fraction also includes a respective first operative material fraction and a respective second operative material fraction. The respective first operative material fraction consists of an elemental form of the respective metal, and the respective second operative material fraction consists of at least one oxide of the respective metal. The method includes providing reagent material including at least one diatomic halogen and at least one aluminium halide. The reagent material is contacted with the metalliferrous material in a reaction zone so as to effect a reactive process which effects production of an intermediate reaction product including at least one produced metal halide. Each one of the at least one produced metal halide includes a respective metal corresponding to the respective metal of a respective one of the at least one metal material fraction. A separation fraction is separated from the intermediate reaction product. The separation fraction includes at least one recovered metal halide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing elemental halides, which is characterized in that during a first step, a mixture consisting of a material containing the corresponding element and of carbon or carbon-containing material is produced, and this mixture is brought into contact with a halogen, hydrogen halide or mixtures thereof, which are all gaseous under the reaction conditions, and is then heated. The supply of energy ensues via an electromagnetic alternating field.