Abstract:
A method for making a metal structure comprising: (i) selectively grit-blasting a part of a major surface of the metal sheet at a temperature lower than the annealing temperature of the metal sheet to impart a stress in the metal sheet; and (ii) subjecting the metal sheet to a heat treatment at a temperature not lower than T(anneal) - 400°C so that the metal sheet deforms, such that the deformed metal sheet exhibits a higher strength in a desired direction, wherein T(anneal) is the annealing point of the metal. The invention is particularly advantageous for making thin Pt metal structures for glass melting, conditioning, delivery and forming operations.
Abstract:
Apparatus, which is suitable for being surrounded by molten glass, the apparatus having a shank which has at least one at least partially seamless tube consisting of an oxide dispersion-strengthened PGM material, the shank having at least one thickened portion on which an actuating device is arranged.
Abstract:
Apparatus (10) and a method for vitrifying hazardous waste includes a melting vessel (12) in which a stirrer (38) mixes hazardous waste and any other necessary components for forming a glassy mixture upon heating while an electrical current is applied across the melting vessel and the stirrer to provide electrical current flow, and a metallic containment vessel (46) of the apparatus receives the melting vessel so as to receive and contain any material that exits the melting vessel upon failure. Any failure of the melting vessel (12) is detected by a sensor (48). The containment vessel (46) is preferably hermetically sealed around the melting vessel (12) to contain gases as well as any melted material received from the failed melting vessel (12). The sensing of the failure can be either by a pressure change in the hermetically sealed chamber (58) or by sensing of the presence of material received by the containment vessel (46) from the failed melting vessel (12) such as by an electrical circuit type detection.
Abstract:
A nickel-based alloy for glass-contacting members used in an unelectrified state, having a composition comprising 25 to 40 wt% of chromium, 10 to 45 wt% of cobalt, optionally 0.1 to 3.0 wt% of titanium, and optionally 0.01 to 0.50 wt% of one or a plurality of REMs, and the balance of nickel and unavoidable impurities.
Abstract:
A zircon body for use in glass manufacturing is provided containing zircon grains and an intergranular phase present between the zircon grains. The intergranular phase may contain silicon oxide. The body may be exposed to a halide to at least partially remove at least a majority of the silicon oxide contained in the intergranular phase from the outer portion or to at least partially remove the intergranular phase along an outer portion of the component.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for melting a raw material such as glass. The method comprises a creating a flow of raw material interrupted by a heated phase separation barrier (3,31,32), wherein melting is achieved by transfer of heat from the phase separation barrier to the raw material. The process comprises: providing solid raw material to the phase separation barrier, wherein the phase separation barrier supports the solid raw material; heating the phase separation barrier to a temperature which is (a) at least 700°C and (b) sufficient to cause melting of the solid raw material which contacts the barrier, wherein any melted raw material formed on contact with the phase separation barrier flows off or through the phase separation barrier; and collecting the melted raw material; wherein the phase separation barrier causes separation of the solid and melted phases within the flow of the raw material. Two or more melters may be used in parallel and the resultant melted raw materials mixed together in the melted state. In addition, there is provided a method and apparatus for producing a melt comprising a mixture of melted raw materials. The apparatus comprises two melting chambers connected via outlets to a homogeniser.
Abstract:
Es wird einen Kanal (2, 6) für eine Glasschmelze vorgeschlagen, bei dem wenigstens zwei Elektroden (18, 18a, 18b, 18c) von oben in die Glasschmelze (1) eingetaucht sind, in dem zur Verbesserung der Homogenität der Temperaturen der Glasschmelze zwischen einer von oben in die Glasschmelze eintauchenden Elektrode und einer weiteren von oben in die Glasschmelze eintauchenden Elektrode eine elektrische Spannung anliegt, wodurch die Glasschmelze mittels zwischen den Elektroden fließendem elektrischem Strom beheizt wird. Es wird auch eine Elektrode (18, 18a, 18b, 18c) vorgeschlagen, deren Elektrodenstab (24, 24a) von einer Chromoxidhülse über einen Teil seiner Länge umgeben ist.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a mandrel for producing glass tubes or rods, particularly for the Vello process, the A-drawing process and preferably for the Danner process. The mandrel comprises a body (1) of a ceramic composite material, and an external metal material jacket (2) surrounding at least a portion of said body, wherein the ceramic composite material has a substantially similar thermal expansion coefficient as the metal material of said jacket. Alternatively the mandrel comprises a self-supporting metal material jacket (22).
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Behandeln eines metallischen Bauteiles, das mit Glasschmelzen oder Glaskeramikschmelzen in Berührung gelangt umfassend einen Kern aus wenigstens einem der folgenden Materialien oder deren Legierungen: Molybdän, Tantal, Wolfram, Iridium, Rhodium, Gold, Niob, Rhenium, Titan, Oxid-Dispersions-verstärkte Legierungen auf Eisen-, Nickel-, Kobalt- oder Molybdän-Basis ferner mit einer den Kern umgebenden Hülle aus Platin oder Palladium oder anderen Edelmetallen oder Legierungen hiervon. Das Verfahren ist gemäss der Erfindung gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale: Kern und Hülle werden derart bemessen, dass zwischen diesen ein Hohlraum verbleibt; an den Hohlraum wird ein Vakuum angelegt, das zu einer innigen mechanischen Verbindung zwischen Hülle und Kern führt; das Bauteil wird komplett oder in Teilen bei einer Temperatur von über 500° C getempert.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a coated metal element used for producing glass, said element having a coating on the opposite side to the glass melt that is impermeable to H>2 2 2 2 2 2