Abstract:
Method for the calibration of a plurality of light sources (3) belonging to an additive manufacturing machine adapted to manufacture layered three- dimensional objects by selective solidification of corresponding layers of a basic material (1) in the liquid, pasty or powdery state, through irradiation with a light radiation emitted by the plurality of light sources, comprising the operations of: providing a layer of basic material (1); providing light sources (3) to convey, on respective work areas (5) of a surface of the basic material (1) mutually superposed in pairs, respective light beams (4) adapted to selectively modify the basic material (1); defining, for each work area (5), a corresponding reference surface superposed to the work area (5) and a corresponding alignment configuration between them; determining the relative displacements of each work area (5) with respect to the corresponding reference surface adapted to bring the work area (5) to the corresponding alignment configuration. The determination of the relative displacements between each work area (5) and the corresponding reference surface comprises the operations of: providing first image portions (8; 81; 82) on the reference surface; activating the corresponding light source (3) to project on the work surface (2), for each first image portion (8; 81; 82), a corresponding second image portion (9; 91; 92) adjacent to the first image portion (8; 81; 82). Each first image portion (8; 81; 82) and the corresponding second image portion (9; 91; 92) represent, respectively, a first graduated scale (10; 101; 102) and a reading cursor (11), or vice versa, configured to indicate, in combination with each other, a misalignment between the two image portions (8, 9; 81, 91; 82, 92).
Abstract:
A method including obtaining an image of a plurality of structures on a substrate, wherein each of the plurality of structures is formed onto the substrate by transferring a corresponding pattern of a design layout; obtaining a displacement for each of the structures with respect to a reference point for that structure; and assigning, using a hardware computer system, each of the structures into one of a plurality of groups based on the displacement.
Abstract:
A matrix is produced for a semiconductor design. Interactions between mask edges in forming semiconductor shapes are determined and a graph created that shows those interactions. The graph is then partitioned into groups using a coloring algorithm, with each group representing one or more non-interacting mask edges. A lithography simulation is performed for each group, with the edges of that group perturbed, but the edges of other groups unmoved. The partial derivatives are calculated for the edges of a group based on the simulation with those edges perturbed, and used to populate locations in a Jacobian matrix. The Jacobian matrix is then used to solve an Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) problem by finding a mask edge correction vector for a given wafer targeting error vector.
Abstract:
Multiply patterned metrology targets and target design methods are provided to enable pitch walk measurements using overlay measurements. Multiply patterned structures having single features or spacers produced simultaneously and sharing a common pitch with the paired features or spacers are used to express pitch walk as a measurable overlay between the structures. For example, targets are provided which comprise a first multiply patterned structure having a single left-hand feature or spacer produced simultaneously and sharing a common pitch with the respective paired features or spacers, and a second multiply patterned structure having a single right-hand feature or spacer produced simultaneously and sharing a common pitch with the respective paired features or spacers.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of measuring overlay between upper and lower layers on a substrate using metrology targets formed by a lithographic process. The lithographic process is of a multiple-patterning type whereby first and second distinct populations of structures are formed in a single one of said layers (L1) by respective first and second patterning steps. The metrology target (620) in the single one of said layers comprises a set of structures of which different subsets (642A, 642B) are formed in said first and second patterning steps. An overlay measurement on this target can be used to calculate a combined (average) overlay performance parameter for both of the first and second patterning steps.
Abstract:
A pattern forming method includes: (a) forming a first film on a substrate using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (I) containing a resin of which solubility in a developer containing an organic solvent decreases due to polarity increased by an action of an acid; (b) exposing the first film; (c) developing the exposed first film using a developer containing an organic solvent to form a first negative pattern; (e) forming a second film on the substrate using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition (II) containing a resin of which solubility in a developer containing an organic solvent decreases due to polarity increased by an action of an acid; (f) exposing the second film; and (g) developing the exposed second film using a developer containing an organic solvent to form a second negative pattern in this order.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for correcting at least one error on wafers processed by at least one photolithographic mask, the method comprises:(a) measuring the at least one error on a wafer at a wafer processing site,and (b) modifying the at least one photolithographic mask by introducing at least one arrangement of local persistent modifications in the at least one photolithographic mask.
Abstract:
In general, one aspect of the technology described can be embodied in methods that include the action of applying a writing mechanism having non-isotropic writing properties resulting from different degrees of coherence interaction in a sweep direction and a cross-sweep direction, writing an image pattern twice on a work piece using the writing mechanism rotated relative to the image pattern written on the workpiece between first and second writings, whereby writing with the rotated writing mechanism averages the non-isotropic properties. The lesser included angle separating first and second relative directions of movement between a workpiece and writing mechanism may be 20 degrees or greater, or somewhat less, under conditions described herein.
Abstract:
A method of reducing image placement errors in a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises the steps of providing a mask (16), a light sensitive layer (22) and a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus (10) which images features (19) contained in the mask (16) onto the light sensitive surface (22) using projection light. In a next step image placement errors associated with an image of the features (10) formed on the light sensitive surface (22) are determined either by simulation or metrologically. Then an input state of polarization of the projection light is changed to an elliptical output state of polarization which is selected such that the image placement errors are reduced.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to methods of beam pen lithography using a tip array having a plurality of transparent, elastomeric, reversibly-deformable tips coated with a blocking layer and apertures defined in the blocking layer to expose tip ends of the tips in the array. The tip array can be used to perform a photolithography process in which the tips are illuminated with a radiation that is channeled through the tips and out the apertures to expose a photosensitive substrate. Also disclosed are tip arrays formed of polymers and gels, apparatus including the tip arrays and radiation sources, and related apparatus for selectively masking tips in the tip array from radiation emitted from the radiation source.