摘要:
Various embodiments may provide a method of forming an energy conversion device. The method may include forming an electrolyte layer on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate. The method may also include forming a cavity on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate using a deep reactive ion etch. The method may further include enlarging said cavity by carrying out one or more wet etches so that the enlarged cavity is at least partially defined by a vertical arrangement comprising a first lateral cavity surface of the semiconductor substrate extending substantially along a first direction, and a second lateral cavity surface of the semiconductor substrate adjoining the first lateral cavity surface. The method may include forming a first electrode on a first surface of the electrolyte layer, and forming a second electrode on a second surface of the electrolyte layer.
摘要:
L'invention concerne les substrats poreux imprégnés de catalyseur métallique, notamment destinés à une utilisation en tant qu'électrode dans une pile à combustible telle qu'une pile à membrane échangeuse de protons, et leur procédé de préparation. En particulier, la présente invention concerne un procédé d'imprégnation d'un substrat poreux de catalyseur métallique par pulvérisation magnétron puisée à haute puissance d'une ou plusieurs cibles de métal, la(les) cible(s) et le substrat étant placés dans une enceinte contenant un milieu gazeux plasmagène, le métal de la (des) cible(s) étant choisi parmi les métaux de transition et leurs alliages, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : a) application d'une tension U t puisée à la cible, b) polarisation du substrat poreux par application d'une tension U s puisée avec un retard Δt par rapport au début de l'étape (a).
摘要:
A novel ion conductive material may be formed as a thin-film multilayered structure. The thin-film multilayered structure may be formed using multiple ion conductive sublayers of an electronic insulator and an ionic conductor. A nanometer-range thickness of the electronic insulator may be selected to provide desirable ion conductive properties that may be different from bulk material properties due to quantum size effects. The thin-film multilayered structure may behave in aggregate as an electronic insulator while behaving as an ion conductor at relatively low temperatures. The thin-film multilayered structure may be used as an electrolyte in a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for conduction of oxygen ions at relatively low temperatures, for example, less than about 600°C.
摘要:
Fuel cells, fuel cell membranes, micro-fuel cells, and methods of fabricating each, are disclosed. One exemplary fuel cell, among others, includes a membrane including a material such as organic conducting materials and inorganic conducting materials, and combinations thereof. The membrane has a thickness of about 0.01 to 10 µm, and has an area resistivity of about 0.1 to 1000 ohms cm 2 .
摘要:
Fuel cell electrodes comprising a minimal load of catalyst having maximum catalytic activity and a method of forming such fuel cell electrodes. The preferred method comprises vaporizing a catalyst, preferably platinum, in a vacuum to form a catalyst vapor. A catalytically effective amount of the catalyst vapor is deposited onto a carbon catalyst support on the fuel cell electrode. The electrode preferably is carbon cloth. The method reduces the amount of catalyst needed of a high performance fuel cell electrode to about 0.3 mg/cm or less, preferably to about 0.1 mg/cm . The electrocatalytic layer formed comprises unique, rod-like structures.
摘要翻译:包括具有最大催化活性的催化剂负载最小的燃料电池电极和形成这种燃料电池电极的方法。 优选的方法包括在真空中蒸发催化剂,优选铂,以形成催化剂蒸气。 将催化有效量的催化剂蒸气沉积在燃料电池电极上的碳催化剂载体上。 电极优选为碳布。 该方法将高性能燃料电池电极所需的催化剂的量减少至约0.3mg / cm 2或更低,优选至约0.1mg / cm 2。 所形成的电催化层包含独特的棒状结构。
摘要:
A catalyst is provided for the two electron reduction of oxygen. The catalyst can be reversible or near-reversible. The catalyst comprises a gold and a cobalt coordination complex, i.e., N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylene- diaminocobalt (II) (cobalt salen) or a derivative thereof. The cobalt coordination complex can be polymerized to form a film, for example, via electropolymerization, to cover a gold surface. Also provided are metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and air electrodes that comprise the catalyst, as well as methods of using the catalyst, for example, to reduce oxygen and/or produce hydrogen peroxide.
摘要:
Electrochemical cell electrode (100) comprising a nanostructured catalyst support layer (102) having first and second generally opposed major sides (103,104). The first side (103) comprises nanostructured elements (106) comprising support whiskers (108) projecting away from the first side (103). The support whiskers (108) have a first nanoscopic electrocatalyst layer (110) thereon, and a second nanoscopic electrocatalyst layer (112) on the second side (104) comprising a precious metal alloy. Electrochemical cell electrodes (100) described herein are useful, for example, as a fuel cell catalyst electrode for a fuel cell.
摘要:
The invention includes a method for use in creating electrochemical electrodes including removing a supporting structure in situ after the assembly of the electrochemical cell.
摘要:
The present application is directed to a fabrication method to reduce Pt loading in fuel cells through the use of thin film electrodes by increasing Pt utilization and the use of more active Pt alloys that can be easily and inexpensively fabricated by sputter deposition. Pt and Pt alloy thin films were sputter deposited onto carbon/Nafion® decals and subsequently hot pressed with the catalyst thin film towards the membrane. The results show improved mass performance and catalyst utilization with Pt thin films and increased mass activities can be achieved with PtCo (76:24 atomic ratio) and PtCr (80:20 atomic ratio) as compared to pure Pt. Mass activity improvements of 14 mV and 8 mV were observed for the PtCo and PtCr alloys with respect to a pure Pt film with similar mass loading under 300/350 kPa hydrogen/oxygen operation.
摘要:
The present invention relates to direct and reformate methanol fuel cells containing an anode comprising semiconductor layers. A semiconductor layer, preferably silicon or silicon carbide, is overlaid with a TiO 2 layer. An open metal over-layer, preferably platinum optionally applied over a layer of inert metal such as gold, is deposited on the TiO 2 layer, optionally in the form of a grid. It has been found that the active OH species generated in the presence and absence of light irradiation at the TiO 2 surface in this device eliminates the need for ruthenium to be present. Furthermore, studies have unexpectedly shown that an electric field applied via an electrode on the surface of the TiO 2 appears not to be required for the benefits to occur. This invention is thought to be particularly applicable to micro fuel cells.