Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung und Isolierung von Carbonsäureestern. Dieses Verfahren basiert auf der Umsetzung einer Carbonsäure mit einem Alkohol im wässrigen Medium. Hierfür wird der Alkohol sowohl zur Veresterung als auch zur Ausfällung der bei der Synthese entstehenden Salze, bevorzugt Ammoniumsalze, eingesetzt.
Abstract:
Processes and compositions reduce free fatty acid (FFA) in oils and fats and in neutral or acidic alkyl ester. The oils and fats or alkyl ester is heated to temperatures from 90 °F to 150 °F, and lower numbered alcohol and dilute caustic are added. The mixture is stirred moderately, and allowed to settle into two phases − a FFA phase and a second low FFA phase, containing either oils and fats or alkyl ester. The two phases are separated. The recovery of both glycerin and lower numbered alcohols is increased. Some compositions for reducing FFA comprise lower numbered alcohol and dilute caustic. The processes and compositions reduce FFA levels to meet fuel standards.
Abstract:
Enantiómeros de 2-hidroxiderivados de ácidos grasos. La invención hace referencia a la síntesis y purificación de 2-hidroxiderivados de ácidos grasos, así como almétodode separación de los enantiómeros (o isómeros ópticos) [-](S)y [+] (R) de compuestos 2- hidroxiderivados de ácidos grasos, a los propios enantiómeros, a composiciones farmacéuticas que los comprendan y a su uso como medicamentos, así comoa métodos in vitro de diagnóstico/pronósticoy evaluación de la potencial utilización de las moléculas de la invención, en diferentes patologías, así como de su uso para la regulación de ciertos enzimas y del estudio de su actividad y efectos.
Abstract:
Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.
Abstract:
The processes disclosed herein for separation of glucaric acid via antisolvent crystallization and azeotropic drying separate monopotassium glucarate and glucaric acid with a recovery yield of greater than 99.9 % and 71 % at purities of about 95.6 % and 98.3 %, respectively. Processes disclosed herein recycle antisolvents such as IPA and acetone with greater than 99 % recovery with an energy consumption of about 20 MJ/kg for isolation of potassium glucarate and 1,456 MJ/kg for glucaric acid. Using methods and processes disclosed herein, other oxygenated bio-carboxylic acids (e.g., mevalonic acid) can be separated and recovered from fermentation broths and abiotic reaction solutions.
Abstract:
Com o objetivo de ajudar a diminuir o descarte de óleo de cozinha usado no Meio Ambiente, esta máquina propõe a reciclagem total dos resíduos de óleo nela depositada, transformando este nocivo resíduo ao Meio Ambiente, em insumo para produzir sabão em barra para a limpeza geral. Através do processo de saponificação, esta máquina dá condições de maneira prática, segura e econômica, a qualquer pessoa adulta de se produzir um sabão de boa qualidade e ao mesmo tempo evitar o descarte de óleo usado no Meio Ambiente.
Abstract:
A method for preparing polyethylene naphthalate having a low impurity content from a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing impurities, which comprises mixing a crude naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with an aqueous ethylene glycol solution, heating the mixture to esterify a part of the naphthalenedicarboxylic acid to prepare a naphthalenedicarboxylic ester, dissolving the naphthalenedicarboxylic ester in the aqueous ethylene glycol solution, bringing hydrogenatable impurities contained in the crude naphthalenedicarboxylic acid into contact with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate the impurities to thereby dissolve the same in the aqueous ethylene glycol solution, crystallizing the naphthalenedicarboxylic ester, separating the crystallized naphthalenedicarboxylic ester from the aqueous ethylene glycol solution, and polycondensating the resultant naphtalenedicarboxylic ester. A method for purifying a crude naphtalenedicarboxylic acid to obtain a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and a naphthalenedicarboxylic ester each having a low aldehyde content from a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid containing aldehydes, which comprises mixing a crude naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with an aqueous alcohol solution, heating the mixture to esterify a part of the naphthalenedicarboxylic acid to prepare a naphthalenedicarboxylic ester, dissolving the naphthalenedicarboxylic ester in the aqueous alcohol solution, bringing the aldehydes contained in the crude naphthalenedicarboxylic acid into contact with a salt of sulfurous acid to prepare an aldehyde adduct, dissolving the aldehyde adduct in an aqueous alcohol solution, and crystallizing and separating the naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the naphthalenedicarboxylic ester.
Abstract:
The present technology relates to the production and recovery of acetic acid. The recovery processes may include providing a first process stream including acetic acid and greater than 250 ppm of propionic acid; separating at least a portion of the propionic acid from the acetic acid within the first process stream to provide an acetic acid stream including acetic acid and less than 250 ppm of propionic acid and a bottoms stream including propionic acid and acetic acid; reacting the bottoms stream to form a product stream including components of respectively lower boiling points than corresponding components in the bottoms stream; and separating components of the product stream to form, an overhead stream including one or more acetates and a bottoms stream including one or more propionates.
Abstract:
La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'une solution aqueuse comprenant un sel d'un composé organique comprenant au moins une fonction acide et au moins un atome de fluor, dit acide fluoré par réaction entre ledit sel et au moins un acide de Bronsted et un alcool en présence d'un solvant organique solubilisant le produit qui se forme, ledit solvant organique formant au moins un milieu réactionnel biphasique liquide/liquide avec la solution aqueuse.