Abstract:
A method of controlling consumption and delivery of water in plants with disposable water flow and more particularly in adiabatic cooling plants fed with disposable water and provided with economizer devices.
Abstract:
A self-healing liquid contact switch (10) and methods for producing such devices are disclosed. An illustrative self-healing liquid contact switch can include an upper actuating surface (30) and a lower actuating surface (32) each having a number of liquid contact regions (40) thereon configured to wet with a liquid metal. The upper and lower actuating surfaces (30, 32) can be brought together electrostatically by an upper and lower actuating electrode (12, 14). During operation, the liquid metal can be configured to automatically rearrange during each actuating cycle to permit the switch to self-heal.
Abstract:
A fluid-based switch and method for producing the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the switch comprises first (102) and second mated (104) substrates defining therebetween at least portions of a number of cavities (106, 108, 110), a plurality of electrodes (612, 614, 616) exposed within one or more of the cavities, a switching fluid (618), held within one or more of the cavities, that serves to open and close at least a pair of the plurality of electrodes in response to forces that are applied to the switching fluid, a reducing material contacting at least a portion of the switching fluid, the reducing material to react with oxides on the switching fluid, and an actuating fluid (620), held within one or more of the cavities, that applies the forces to said switching fluid.
Abstract:
A method of controlling consumption and delivery of water in plants with disposable water flow and more particularly in adiabatic cooling plants fed with disposable water and provided with economizer devices.
Abstract:
Devices for switching or tuning of an electrical circuit comprise a liquid metal (LM) drop confined inside a sealed cavity. The cavity is formed at least partially inside a microelectronics layered structure which includes metal, dielectric and semiconductor layers. The microelectronics layered structure may be prepared using a VLSI/CMOS technology. Some of the VLSI/CMOS metal layers or metalized vias may be used for conduction lines contacted by the LM drop or as RF transmission lines opened or closed by the LM drop.
Abstract:
Liquid metal current switch (1) for current limiting and/or circuit breaking, comprising a liquid metal (12, 22) and at least one channel (11a, 11b; 21a) for the liquid metal (12, 22), wherein the liquid metal (12, 22) is moveable between a first position in the channel (11a, 11b; 21a) and a second position in the channel (11a, 11b; 21a), the first position and second position defining a first switching state and a second switching state, respectively, of the liquid metal current switch (1), and wherein further in the first switching state, a first current path (40) and a second current path (42) are provided in parallel for a current through the current switch (1), with the first current path (40) leading at least partially through the liquid metal (12, 22) being in the first position, and in the second switching state, the first current path (40) is interrupted, and the second current path (42) is provided for the current through the current switch (1).
Abstract:
Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к способу изготовления жидко-метaллических контактов, применяемых в силовых коммутационных аппаратах Способ включает изготовление каркаса из тугоплавкого металла, восстановление каркаса в вакуумной печи в среде гидридного водорода и последовательную его пропитку тремя металлами - оловом(Sn), индием(In), галлием(Ga) в среде гидридного водорода в три стадии продолжительностью 10-20 мин каждая, при этом пропитку каркаса жидким оловом проводят при температуре 750-1150°С, жидким индием - при температуре 750-1000°С, и жидким галлием при температуре 700-900°С, при этом количество жидких металлов выбирают пропорционально составу эвтектики и объему пор каркаса. Техническим результатом предложенного способа является увеличение смачиваемости металла.
Abstract:
An electronic switch (300) comprises a droplet (310) of conductive liquid located in contact with a surface (312) having an alterable surface configuration, an input contact (324) located on the alterable surface and configured such that the input contact (324) is in constant electrical contact with the droplet (310), and a micro-electronic mechanical system (MEMS) (304) for altering the surface configuration to change the contact angle of the droplet (310) with respect to the surface (312).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a current limiting method, a current limiting device (1), and a switchgear comprising such a device (1). According to the invention, liquid metal (3) is directed along a resistor element (5) for the current limiting path (31) so as to obtain arc-free current limitation for mains-related fault currents (i(t)). Examples of embodiments include, among other things: an electrical resistance (Rx) that increases in a non-linear manner in the direction of movement (x) of the liquid metal (3) for a smooth current limiting characteristic; a resistor element (5) in the form of a dielectric matrix (5) comprising channels (3a) for the liquid metal (3), and a combined current limiter-circuit breaker (1). Advantages include, among other things: arc-free, reversible current limitation and optional power shutdown; suitable also for high voltages and currents; fast reaction times; reduced wear; and maintenance-friendly.
Abstract:
A flexible electronic system includes a flexible electronic substrate having a first and second contact pads opposed to each other, one of the first and second contact pads is electrically coupled to a battery, and a base substrate. An activator adjacent to the first and second contact pads configures to permit at least one of a closed or open electrical circuit.