The invention discloses a pavement structure for an ultra-thin anti-sliding friction layer of a new pavement for optimally utilizing hard anti-friction stone materials. The pavement structure sequentially comprises an ultra-thin anti-sliding friction layer, an asphalt surface layer and a base layer from top to bottom, wherein the asphalt surface layer sequentially comprises an asphalt middle surface layer and an asphalt lower surface layer from top to bottom; and the base layer sequentially comprises an upper base layer and a subbase layer from top to bottom. The pavement structure provided bythe invention replaces a conventional asphalt surface layer with the ultra-thin anti-sliding friction layer, thereby effectively reducing a layer thickness of the surface layer; only the ultra-thin anti-sliding friction layer needs to adopt the hard anti-friction stone materials, and the hard anti-friction stone materials applied by the friction layer are 2.36-4.75 mm aggregates with sufficient allowance in current solid engineering, has a layer thickness of up to 1.5 cm and can form a construction depth of 0.7-1.2; and the pavement structure for the ultra-thin anti-sliding friction layer provided by the invention can reduce consumption and use of hard anti-friction aggregates, reduces waste of resources and damage to the environment, and has good social and economic benefits.