摘要:
Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used togeher to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidati on activity, better than that obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amou nt of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the dest ruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a filtration system including filter media that use diffusion as a method of particulate reduction that balances the contact time required for a desirable level of interception and filter performance. The filter system of the present invention includes a filter medium that removes particulate contaminants by diffusion, means for providing sufficient contact time for an influent to contact the filter medium such that the filter medium can intercept sub-micron particulates at an average flow rate below that of an on-demand or instantaneous flow rate; and a storage buffer for providing a filtered effluent at a rate independent of the average flow rate required to achieve adequate particulate reduction through the filter medium.
摘要:
A method for treating ship ballast water in which organisms viable in the ship ballast water are exterminated by adding to the ship ballast water hydrogen peroxide or a compound producing hydrogen peroxide in an amount such that a hydrogen peroxide concentration comes to be 10 to 500 mg/L and at least one type selected from a ferrous ion or a compound supplying ferrous ion in an amount such that a ferrous ion concentration comes to be 0.1 to 400 mg/L, catalase in an amount such that a concentration of catalase comes to be 0.5 to 2,500 unit/L and iodine or a compound supplying iodine amount such that an iodine concentration comes to be 0.1 to 100 mg/L.
摘要:
Methods for disinfecting surfaces and for sanitizing bodies of water using a single-feed, bromine-based biocide are described. These methods use concentrated liquid biocide compositions comprising biocidally active bromine as the biocide. Also described is a process of producing the concentrated liquid biocide composition: mixed together are (a) bromine chloride and (b) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid having a pH of at least about 7, in amounts such that (i) the active bromine content of the composition is at least about 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), and (ii) the atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine in the composition is greater than 0.93. Use of bromine chloride as the source of the active bromine in the process is advantageous because in the resulting aqueous compositions, all of the bromine of the bromine chloride is made available as active bromine in solution. In other words, the chlorine of the bromine chloride is converted in the process to dissolved alkali metal chloride salt, thereby liberating all of the bromine as the active bromine content of the biocidal composition.
摘要:
An embodiment of an apparatus for producing a sterilized water wherein each of an aqueous acid solution (21) and a chlorine-containing aqueous solution (31) is diluted with raw water (1) in a device (4) for inclusion, and then the resultant solutions are mixed in a mixer (5). The apparatus for producing a sterilized water can be used for satisfactorily exhibiting the sterilization ability of a chlorine-containing aqueous solution such as a sodium hypochlorite solution, a chlorine dioxide solution and a mixture thereof, while suppressing the generation of a chlorine gas, and for producing a desired sterilized water through suitably mixing water, an aqueous acid solution and a chlorine-containing aqueous solution at satisfactorily controlled concentrations.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a microbiological interception enhanced filter medium, preferably having an adsorbent prefilter located upstream from the filter medium. Preferably, the prefilter is adapted to remove natural organic matter in an influent prior to the influent contacting the microbiological interception enhanced filter medium, thereby preventing loss of charge on the filter medium. The microbiological interception enhanced filter medium is most preferably comprised of fibrillated cellulose fibers, in particular, lyocell fibers. At least a portion of the surface of the at least some of the fibers have formed thereon a microbiological interception enhancing agent comprising a cationic metal complex. A filter medium of the present invention provides greater than about 4 log viral interception, and greater than about 6 log bacterial interception.
摘要:
Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used togeher to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidati on activity, better than that obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amou nt of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the dest ruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.
摘要:
A highly reliable detoxifying method of the cyano matters is provided. The waste-liquor (1), which contains at least one of free cyano matters, a cyano complex and a reducing compound exhibiting volatility in alkaline aqueous solution, is heated under an alkaline condition to a temperature range, which lies within a range of from room temperature to boiling point, and which includes a high temperature range of 80°C or more, followed by holding the temperature (7); oxidation-reduction potential of the waste liquor is measured from the room temperature; and, hypochlorite (2) is intermittently or continuously added to the waste liquor from the room temperature, until the oxidation-reduction of the the hypochlorite is detected.