Abstract:
In order to comply with legal exhaust gas regulations, the exhaust gases of a lean mix engine (1) must be freed from soot particles and nitrogen oxides. For this purpose, the emission control system usually contains a soot filter (6) and a catalyst (7) for the removal of the nitrogen oxides. The soot deposited in the soot filter must be combusted at regular intervals by the raising of the exhaust gas temperature to the soot ignition temperature. This process can cause thermal damage to the catalyst for the removal of the nitrogen oxides. It is proposed that the cylinders of the lean mix engine be divided into two groups (2, 2') which deliver the exhaust gases to two allocated exhaust pipes (3, 3'), each of which contains a soot filter (6, 6'), and which are brought together at the inlet (4) to a common exhaust pipe (5). The common exhaust pipe contains the catalyst for the removal of the nitrogen oxides. By means of the temporally offset regeneration of the two soot filters, the exhaust gas temperature in the common exhaust pipe is limited to a temperature which is the average of the exhaust gas temperature of normal operation and that of regeneration operation, and the catalyst for the removal of the nitrogen oxides is treated with care.
Abstract:
An exhaust emission control system for controlling the emission of exhaust gases of a lean engine with several cylinders contains a first exhaust pipe (3) for the exhaust gases of a first group of cylinders (2) and a second exhaust pipe (31) for the exhaust gases of a second group of cylinders (2'). A nitrogen oxide storage catalyst (6, 6') is disposed in each exhaust pipe. Downstream from the storage catalysts, the two exhaust pipes are united at an opening to a common exhaust pipe (5). The common exhaust pipe contains an SCR catalyst (7). The first and second groups of cylinders are periodically supplied opposite to each other alternately with a lean and a fat air/fuel mixture. Accordingly, lean or fat exhaust gases are produced in the cylinders during combustion and are emitted to the corresponding exhaust pipes. Lean and fat exhaust gases are matched to one another in such a way that, after the exhaust gases are brought together in the common exhaust pipe, a lean exhaust gas results. During the regeneration of the storage catalysts, ammonium may be formed, stored by the SCR catalyst, and reacted with nitrogen oxides which unintentionally pass through the storage catalysts during the storage phase.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses crystalline copper-containing small-pore aluminosilicate zeolites having a maximum pore size of eight tetrahedral atoms, containing 2 to 7 wt.-% copper, calculated as CuO and based on the total weight of the respective zeolite, and containing alkali metal cations in a total amount of 0.1 to 0.4 wt.-%, calculated as pure metals and based on the total weight of the zeolite, and having a BET surface area of from 320 to 750 m 2 /g. Furthermore, the invention discloses a process for making said zeolites, comprising the preparation of an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a zeolite of the faujasite framework type, Cu-tetraethylenepentamine (Cu-TEPA) and at least one compound M(OH) x , wherein x is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, and heating the reaction mixture to form a copper containing small-pore zeolite. The zeolites according to the present invention are suitable SCR catalysts.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Partikelfilter, das einen Wandflussfilter und SCR-aktives Material umfasst, wobei das Wandflussfilter Kanäle umfasst, die sich parallel zwischen einem ersten und einem zweiten Ende des Wandflussfilters erstrecken, die abwechselnd entweder am ersten oder am zweiten Ende gasdicht verschlossen sind und die durch poröse Wände getrennt sind, deren Poren innere Oberflächen aufweisen, und das SCR-aktive Material sich in Form einer Beschichtung auf den inneren Oberflächen der Poren der porösen Wände befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung einen Gradienten aufweist, so dass die dem Abgas zugewandte Seite der Beschichtung eine höhere Selektivität in der SCR-Reaktion aufweist, als die den inneren Oberflächen der Poren zugewandte Seite der Beschichtung. Das SCR-Aktive Material ist bevorgugt einen kleinporigen Zeolithen, der eine maximale eine Ringgröße von acht tetraedrischen Atomen aufweist und mit Kupfer und/oder Eisen ausgetauscht ist.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the use of a particular method for the targeted desulfurization of particular nitric oxide storage catalysts (NOx storage catalysts). In particular, this invention is directed to the use of an adapted method on specifically composed storage catalysts.
Abstract:
Nitrogen oxide storage catalysts are used for removal of nitrogen oxides present in the lean exhaust gas of so-called lean-burn engines. Storage catalysts are thermally modified at high temperatures. The modification is a sintering of the catalytically active noble metal components of the catalyst and a formation of compounds of the storage components with the support materials. According to the invention, the formation of compounds of the storage materials can be largely reversed by treatment of the storage material with a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, optionally steam and optionally nitrogen oxide at temperatures between 200 °C and 950 °C, preferably between 300 °C and 700 °C. The reactivation can be carried out with neutral emissions directly in the vehicle during operation by the adjustment of suitable exhaust conditions and regulating the fuel/air mixture.