摘要:
Embodiments of the inventive concepts described herein relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, relate to a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery including a core portion in which concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have gradients in a direction from the center to the surface or concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt are constant; a concentration gradient portion which is formed on the outside of the core portion and in which concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt have gradients; and a shell portion which is formed on the outside of the concentration gradient portion and in which concentrations of nickel, manganese, and cobalt are constant. In the positive electrode active material according to the inventive concept, the amount of residual lithium is decreased although the concentration of nickel is high, and thus the positive electrode active material exhibits excellent cycle-life characteristics and charge and discharge characteristics, has a stabilized crystal structure while having a high capacity, and is structurally stabilized even when being used at a high voltage.
摘要:
A clutch control method for a vehicle includes steps of: calculating, by a controller, an estimated clutch torque by substituting a plurality of parameters, and a sensed stroke of a dutch actuator into a predetermined characteristic function; updating, by the controller, the parameters as new values by a prediction error method using a torque error, which is a difference between a reference clutch torque and the estimated clutch torque; calculating a desired stroke by substituting a desired clutch torque and the updated parameters into a predetermined characteristic inverse function; and driving the clutch actuator based on the calculated desired stroke to control the dutch by the controller. The plurality parameters represent physical properties of a clutch, and the predetermined characteristic function represents characteristics of a clutch transmission torque to a clutch actuator stroke. In addition, the predetermined characteristic inverse function represents a clutch actuator stroke to a clutch transmission torque.
摘要:
The present invention comprises: a plurality of first tubes and a plurality of second tubes in which a refrigerant passes through and which are formed so as to be long in the vertical direction, respectively, and spaced from each other such that air flows therebetween; and fins respectively coming into contact with the first tubes and the second tubes, wherein the plurality of second tubes are positioned to be spaced from each other at the slip stream of the plurality of first tubes in the direction in which the air flows, the fins include: a first louver group comprising a plurality of louvers positioned among the plurality of first tubes and spaced from each other in the direction in which the air flows; and a second louver group comprising a plurality of louvers positioned among the plurality of second tubes and spaced from each other in the direction in which the air flows, and the plurality of louvers of the first louver group are formed such that the intervals thereof from the other adjacent louvers gradually narrow toward the slip stream of the direction in which the air flows and the plurality of louvers of the second louver group are formed such that the intervals thereof from the other adjacent louvers gradually expand toward the slip stream of the direction in which the air passes, thereby minimizing the concentrated formation of frost on the front part of a heat exchanger in the direction in which the air passes through the heat exchanger and maximally delaying the time at which the front part of the heat exchanger is blocked by the frost.
摘要:
Provided are a dose calculation method, a dose calculation device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The dose calculation method comprises: generating an intermediate image between a plurality of sequentially acquired diagnostic images; and calculating doses through a simulation using the diagnostic images and the intermediate image.
摘要:
Disclosed is an authentication apparatus using a public key encryption algorithm. An apparatus according to an embodiment generates a first instant public key through a random number generation process in response to an electronic signature generation request corresponding to a message. Further, the apparatus calculates and uses a first instant private key making a pair with the first instant public key, using the first instant public key.
摘要:
A lithium-air battery is provided. The lithium-air battery includes a negative electrode including lithium, a positive electrode including catalyst particles for controlling whether to generate LiO 2 as a discharge product and for controlling a generation amount of LiO 2 , the positive electrode using oxygen as a positive electrode active material, and an electrolyte and a separator which are disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
摘要:
The present invention comprises: a plurality of first tubes and a plurality of second tubes in which a refrigerant passes through and which are formed so as to be long in the vertical direction, respectively, and spaced from each other such that air flows therebetween; and fins respectively coming into contact with the first tubes and the second tubes, wherein the plurality of second tubes are positioned to be spaced from each other at the slip stream of the plurality of first tubes in the direction in which the air flows, the fins include: a first louver group comprising a plurality of louvers positioned among the plurality of first tubes and spaced from each other in the direction in which the air flows; and a second louver group comprising a plurality of louvers positioned among the plurality of second tubes and spaced from each other in the direction in which the air flows, and the plurality of louvers of the first louver group are formed such that the intervals thereof from the other adjacent louvers gradually narrow toward the slip stream of the direction in which the air flows and the plurality of louvers of the second louver group are formed such that the intervals thereof from the other adjacent louvers gradually expand toward the slip stream of the direction in which the air passes, thereby minimizing the concentrated formation of frost on the front part of a heat exchanger in the direction in which the air passes through the heat exchanger and maximally delaying the time at which the front part of the heat exchanger is blocked by the frost.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a positive electrode for a lithium air battery and a lithium air battery comprising the same and, more specifically, to a positive electrode for a lithium air battery, the positive electrode containing oxygen as a positive electrode active material and comprising a gas diffusion electrode including a transition metal deposition layer formed on a surface; and to a lithium air battery comprising the same.