Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining formic acid by thermally separating a flow containing formic acid and a tertiary amine (I), wherein a liquid flow containing formic acid, tertiary amine (I), and water is produced by bringing together a tertiary amine (I) and a formic acid source in the presence of water, water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) are removed, and formic acid is removed from the obtained liquid flow by means of distillation in a distillation device, wherein the removed flow containing water and organic decomposition products of the tertiary amine (I) is separated into two liquid phases, the upper liquid phase is removed, and the lower liquid phase containing water is fed back to the formic acid source.
Abstract:
Process for the separation of 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine from a mixture containing hexamethyldiamine and 2-aminomethylcyclopentylamine, characterized by the fact that the separation is carried out by means of distillation at a pressure of 1-300 mbars.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for continuously returning an olefin which has not been reacted with hydroperoxide in order to form oxiranes during the oxidation of olefins. Said olefin is contained in the flow of waste gas which is produced during oxidation. Said method is characterised by the following steps: (i) separating the olefin from the flow of waste gas by absorption in a hydrocarbon, (ii) desorption of the olefin from the hydrocarbon, (iii) returning the olefin obtained in step (ii) into the oxidation process.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a device for the continuous production of a chemical compound in at least one reactor. At least one of the reactors is a pipe assembly reactor which comprises a covering and at least one inner pipe (9) which is arranged in the covering. The invention is characterised in that at least one of the inner pipes arranged in the area where it is surrounded by a covering, at least partially comprises a non-circular transversal cross-section and is helically shaped.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing cyclic lactams of the formula (II), wherein n and m may each represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and the sum of n + m is at least 3, preferably at least 4, R?1 and R2¿ represent C¿1?-C6 alkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl or C6-C12 aryl groups, by reacting a compound of the formula (I), wherein R?1, R2¿, m and n have the meaning indicated above, and R represents nitrile groups, carboxylic acid amide groups and carboxylic acid groups, with water vapor in the gaseous phase. The inventive method is further characterized in that a) the compound (I) is reacted with water vapor in the gaseous phase, adding an organic diluent (III) before or after the reaction, which diluent has a miscibility gap under certain quantitative, pressure and temperature conditions, said reaction resulting in a mixture (IV) that contains a lactam (II), b) adjusting the mixture (IV) before or after the removal of ammonia to quantitative, pressure and temperature conditions under which the diluent (III) and water are present in a liquid form and have a miscibility gap, and obtaining a two-phase system consisting of a phase (V) that has a higher proportion of diluent (III) than water, and a phase (VI) that has a higher proportion of water than diluent (III), c) separating phase (V) from phase (VI) and, d) removing from phase (V) the diluent (III) and optionally by-products selected from the group of the low-boilers, high-boilers and unreacted compound (I), and obtaining a lactam (II).