摘要:
Fuel processors and fuel processing and fuel cell systems containing the same. The fuel processor is adapted to produce a product hydrogen stream from a feed stream, such as at least one of water and a carbon-containing feedstock, which may be one or more hydrocarbons or alcohols. In some embodiments, the fuel processor is a steam reformer containing a separation region in which the reformate stream is purified using a pressure-driven separation process. In some embodiments, the fuel processor includes a filter assembly adapted to remove particulates from the reformate stream prior to delivery to the separation region. In some embodiments, the fuel processor contains one or more cartridge-based components to facilitate easier removal and replacement of these components. In some embodiments, the fuel processor includes an air delivery system adapted to regulate the operating temperature of the fuel processor.
摘要:
The present invention includes a fuel cell system and a method to operate a fuel cell (32). The fuel cell system includes a source of a fuel and water emulsion (21), receiving the emulsion and a reformer (23) for receiving the emulsion and producing hydrogen, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (32) connected to the reformer (23) and able to receive hydrogen from the reformer (23). The method for operating a fuel cell system including a hydrogen gas oxygen fuel cell (32) includes producing the hydrogen gas from a fuel and water emulsion.
摘要:
A process for producing a carbonyl compound involves allowing water to undergo phase transition to a supercritical or subcritical state in the presence of an alcohol compound so as to produce/generate water-derived hydrogen and at the same time convert the alcohol compound into a corresponding carbonyl compound. Specifically, the process is carried out by introducing the alcohol in a reaction tube along with water and heating and/or pressurizing the mixture of the alcohol and the water to bring the water into a subcritical or supercritical state. In this manner, water-derived hydrogen is produced and the alcohol is converted to a corresponding carbonyl compound. The process is preferably carried out in an oxygen-free environment.
摘要:
A feedstock mixing apparatus (10) for fuel processing systems (11), and fuel processing and fuel cell systems (11) incorporating the same. A fuel processing system (11) according to the present invention includes one or more fuel processors (12) adapted to produce a product hydrogen stream (14) from a feed stream (16) containing water (20) and a carbon-containing feedstock (18). The fuel processing system (11) further includes a feedstock delivery system (26) adapted to mix the components of the feed stream (16) at a determined mix ratio and to deliver this feed stream (16) to the fuel processor(s) (12). The fuel processing system (11) may also include one or more fuel cell stacks (22) that are adapted to produce an electric current from the product hydrogen stream (14) produced by the fuel processing system (11). When the fuel processing system (11) includes at least one fuel cell stack (22), it may be referred to as a fuel cell system.
摘要:
A hydrogen supply system is configured so that a hydrogen supply station and a mobile hydrogen production system 1 are included, and hydrogen produced by the mobile hydrogen production system is supplied to the hydrogen supply station.
摘要:
A fast start-up catalytic reformer (50) for producing hydrogen-rich reformate from hydrocarbon fuel includes a reactor (10) having an inlet (62,64) for receiving a flow of fuel and a flow of air, a reforming catalyst (16) disposed within a reforming chamber in the reactor, and an outlet (20) for discharging the produced reformate stream. An ignition device (68) within the reactor tube ignites a first lean mixture in combustion mode to generate exhaust gases to warm the catalyst which also warms the wall of the reactor adjacent the catalyst. The reactor then switches over to a rich fuel/air mixture during reforming mode. A jacket (54) concentrically surrounds the reactor, defining a mixing chamber (58) therebetween which communicates with the reforming chamber via openings (60) in the wall of the reactor. Fuel entering the reformer in combustion mode is injected directly into the reforming chamber to provide rapid warming of the catalyst. Fuel entering the reformer in reforming mode is sprayed onto the outside of the reactor in the mixing chamber, preferably in the heated region of the tube for very rapid vaporization.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer katalytischen endothermen Reaktion und einer damit thermisch gekoppelten katalytischen exothermen Reaktion mit einer dünnen, porösen und senkrecht durchströmten Reformierungskatalysator-Scheibe (1, 3), die mit einer Oxidationskatalysatorschicht (2, 4), verbunden ist. Die durchströmten Reformierungskatalysator-Scheiben (1, 3) sind mit Zufuhröffnungen 6 für Kraftstoff und Oxidationsmittel (34), sowie Abfuhröffnungen (13, 14) für ein Produktgas versehen. Einer ersten Flachseite der Oxidationskatalysatorschicht (2, 4) ist eine erste Flachseite einer porösen Dosierscheibe (7, 9) gegenüberstehend angeordnet. Aus der Oxidationskatalysatorschicht (2, 4) tritt flächig im wesentlichen homogen verteilt Reformat und aus der Flachseite der Dosierscheibe (7, 9) flächig im wesentlichen homogen verteilt das Oxidationsmittel aus. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Vorrichtung.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor mit einem katalytisch beschichteten metallischen Katalysatorträger, wobei der Katalysatorträger als Teil eines elektrischen Stromkreises ausgebildet und mit einem katalytisch umzusetzenden Medium beaufschlagt ist, wobei der Katalysatorträger zumindest bereichsweise im Strömungsweg eines vom Katalysator umzusetzenden Mediums angeordnet und von diesem Medium durchströmbar ist.
摘要:
Bei einem Gaserzeugungssystem zur Bereitstellung eines einem Reformer zuzuführenden Gasstroms, der zumindest eine Kohlenstoffverbindung, wie Kohlenwasserstoff oder Alkohol, und Wasserdampf enthält, und bei dem ein Verdampfer zur Verdampfung der im Gasstrom enthaltenen Komponenten vorgesehen ist, wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen Verdampfer und Reformer eine Normalisierungsstufe zur Vergleichmäßigung der Temperaturverteilung im dem Reformer zuzuführenden Gasstrom zu schalten. Die Temperatur des Gasstroms soll hierdurch auf einen Temperaturbereich unterhalb der maximal zulässigen Reformereintrittstemperatur vergleichmäßigt werden. Hierdurch werden durch Lastwechsel bedingte Temperaturmaxima ausgeglichen, wodurch die Lebensdauer des Reformerkatalysators deutlich erhöht wird.