摘要:
A film material formed of thermoplastic polymer material is processed so as to have linearly extending regions (A) linked together by linearly extending webs (B), regions (A) and webs (B) each being oriented, the dominant direction of orientation in regions (A) forming an angle (V) to the direction on which (A) extends and webs (B) comprising arrays of linear furrows of thinner material or splits forming angles (U) higher than (V) to the direction in which (A) extends. The method of producing the new film involves passing an orientated film through a pair of intermeshing grooved rollers to cold-stretch the film in a direction at an angle to the predominant original orientation, at least one of the grooved rollers having crests with sharp edges to form the division between regions A and webs B and to stretch the material to form webs B while stretching the material less or not at all to form regions A. Preferably at least one of the grooved rollers has crests with a waved surface shape.
摘要:
Flexible tubular film (10) is helically cut into a flat strip by unwinding the tubular film in flattened form by a tumbling unwinder (1), advancing the flat film tube to a tube expansion zone (17) in which the flat tube is expanded into a circular cylindrical tube and is passed axially over a hollow mandrel (14) slightly lower in external diameter than the diameter of the expanded tube to be cut by knife (18) helically while on the mandrel into a flat strip that is removed at an angle to the mandrel axis. The flat tube is longitudinally stretched by stretching rollers (107-112), which tumble with the tumbling unwinder. The apparatus further comprises stabilization means for stabilising the orientation applied by the tumbling stretching rollers, applied to the helically cut film strip after it has been drawn from the mandrel.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for longitudinal orientation of thermoplastic film material (4) comprises a width-reduction zone upstream of the longitudinal stretching zone, through which the width of the film is gradually reduced so as to allow longitudinal stretching without necking. The width-reduction zone comprises at least one, preferably several, pairs of pleating rollers (16, 17) comprising intermeshing grooves or discs for pleating the material, the length of said width reduction zone preferably being less than 3 times the original width of the film. The width-reducing zone has upstream (14) and downstream (15) rollers or roller assemblies, with curved axes and optionally also conveyor belts for providing smooth width reduction. Longitudinal stretching is preferably between at least two, and preferably more than two, pairs of stretching rollers (9, 10, 11, 12) which are relatively close together. The pleats may be provided in several stages with increasing pleats per stage, while guiding means preferably lay all the pleats to one side. The method allows achievement of high tensile strength, yield point, resistance to tear propagation and puncture resistance, especially for polyethylene and polypropylene films.
摘要:
An annular extension die and apparatus for extrusion of tubular films from thermoplastic material is described. Improvements concern equalisation of the lateral distribution of the flow velocity achieved in combination with elimination in part or in full of die-lines formed at interfaces where part flows join each other. The improvement involves the provision of thermal isolation (113) between the die parts (106/107) in which the first division of flow takes place and the downstream die parts (108/109).
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an oriented film of thermoplastic polymer material comprises extrusion of a film in tubularform from an extrusion die, orienting the film in a main direction of orientation during the haul-off from the die while in molten or semi-molten state, the direction being at an angle between 0 and 45- to the axis of the tube, followed by cutting of the tube at an angle to its main degree of orientation to form a web having an orientation of no less than 20 to its longitudinal direction, which method involves segmental stretching of the film to form an array of linear bosses (1), being of thicker material, integrally connected by thinner webs (2), said bosses and webs extending in a direction which is generally parallel with the direction of orientation, forming an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the web, the method involving, after segmental stretching and cutting, shearing of the bosses along one another under re-orientation in the connecting webs, to increase the angle at which the bosses and webs extend relative to the direction of orientation. The bosses are separated from one another by no more than 3 mm. The shearing operation may be carried out by segmental rollers (5).
摘要:
A method and apparatus for carrying out the method are for forming a sheet or film of thermoplastic polymer alloy by extruding an intimate blend of incompatible polymer materials, such as polypropylene dispersed in LLDPE, through an extrusion die and stretching after extrusion. In the die upstream from the exit is a grid chamber comprising one or more grids, the grid or grids having at least 4 (in the longitudinal sections perpendicular to the main surfaces of the flow) closely spaced lamellae (303) having walls extending several millimetres in the direction of the flow, which are interconnected (306) at intervals such that viewed in sections perpendicular to the direction of flow they form a network, the intervals being essentially longer than the distance between each pair of lamellae and between the lamellae apertures of a size selected to reduce the average size of the dispersed phase of P1 or P2 in the blend, the grid or grids being located at a position in the chamber where the gap is wider than the said exit gap, the grip chamber further comprising a gap reduction portion between the screen and the die exit wherein the gap through which the blend flows is reduced at least part way to the gap of the die exit. There may be two grids with parallel lamellae arranged so that the lamellae of the downstream grid are located mid-way between the lamellae of the upstream grid.
摘要:
A flexible laminate of films of thermoplastic polymer material comprises fluted ply A and substantially flat ply B, adhered to one another at the crests of A in contact with B. The wavelength of the flutes is preferably no more than 3mm. A has attenuated zones extending parallel to the flute direction, each bonding zone being mainly located within a first attenuated zone. Apparatus for forming the laminate comprises aligned grooved fluting rollers and grooved laminating roller. The laminate has useful mechanical characteristics, as a flexible material, e.g. when formed into bags which may be self-supporting. Filler material may be filled into the flutes and/or perforations may be provided in one or both plies after lamination.
摘要:
Two or more different materials, especially food materials, are coextruded through adjacent orifices of an extruder. The flows of the two materials are cut in a direction transverse to the flow to form segments of flow. These segments are interspersed so as to join upstream and downstream of each segment of first material to a segment of a second material. Generally two rows of joined segmented flows are extruded side by side. Preferably between the two rows is formed a boundary cell wall which usually is transformed to a harder material after extrusion. Cell walls of the harder material may surround, in two or three dimensions, cells of softer or foamed material. Co-extrusion is carried out by a method in which the dividing members which segment the flows move across the extruder orifices in rhythm with the imposition of extrusion pressure on the material through the respective orifice. The dividing members may reciprocate or rotate relative to the orifices. Preferably the dividing members are fixed and the orifices are caused to move. In this case, the material may be supplied from respective reservoirs in fixed dye components, to the moving portion. The process and apparatus is particularly useful for producing confectionary products, for instance formed of chocolate, marzipan, or dough materials.
摘要:
Apparatus is described for coextruding two materials A and B, in which B is extruded on A through a port (3), in which the separating wall between the flows of A and B is formed as a flap closure (4) which can open and close by pivoting movements and is adapted to adjust its position in accordance with the difference between the pressures of A and B acting on it. The die is circular for extruding tubular flows and the flap closure is ring-formed and at least the hinge forming part of it consists of a springy blade having its surfaces generally perpendicular to the axis of the die. The tubular flows preferably exit in a direction substantial parallel to the axis of the die.