摘要:
A fuel rod (16) includes a cladding tube (22) with a wear-inhibiting coating (26). In one embodiment, the coating (26) is made of a metallic powder material (28) that is applied to the exterior surface of the cladding tube (22) using a thermal spray process. In an alternative embodiment, the coating (26) is a composite made of a metallic powder material (30), and a ceramic powder material or a metal oxide hard phase powder material (32) that is simultaneously applied with the metallic powder material (30) to coat the cladding tube (22). The coating (26) can be applied to selected areas of the fuel rods (16) where debris tends to fret the fuel rod (16).
摘要:
A method for mitigating stress corrosion cracking of a component exposed to a high temperature water (68) in a high temperature water system is provided. The method (68) comprises the steps of lowering corrosion potential conditions to a desired low corrosion potential (70) in the high temperature water environment; and introducing a first material comprising zinc (72) into the high temperature water environment, such that the desired low corrosion potential facilitates transport of the first material into cracks in a structure communicative with the high temperature water environment.
摘要:
An apparatus and a method for measuring and controlling the crack growth rate within a double cantilever beam type test specimen (50). The arms (51,52) of the test specimen are fitted with a pressure-actuated bellows (62) to induce a predetermined load and with a sensing assembly (70) to provide feedback on the amount of beam displacement resulting from application of that load. In this manner a loaded test specimen may be remotely mounted and adjusted inside the reactor pressure vessel or piping of a nuclear reactor in order to maintain a stress intensity which is constant or which varies in a predetermined manner for inducing stress corrosion cracking or corrosion fatigue in the specimen.
摘要:
A method for mitigating stress corrosion cracking of a component exposed to a high temperature water (68) in a high temperature water system is provided. The method (68) comprises the steps of lowering corrosion potential conditions to a desired low corrosion potential (70) in the high temperature water environment; and introducing a first material comprising zinc (72) into the high temperature water environment, such that the desired low corrosion potential facilitates transport of the first material into cracks in a structure communicative with the high temperature water environment.
摘要:
Provided are methods and systems for generating nanoparticles from an inorganic precursor compound using a hydrothermal process within at least one continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) or plug flow reactor (PFR) (102) maintained at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure and a treatment vessel in which this reaction solution can be applied to one or more catalyst substrates. In operation, the reaction solution may be maintained within the CSTR (102) at a substantially constant concentration and within a reaction temperature range for a reaction period sufficient to obtain nanoparticles having a desired average particle size of, for example, less than 10 nm formation and/or deposition. Variations of the basic method and system can provide, for example, the generation of complex particle size distribution profiles, the selective deposition of a multi-modal particle size distribution on a single substrate.
摘要:
A method for mitigating initiation or propagation of a crack in a surface of a metal component in a boiling water reactor. The method includes the step of injecting a solution or suspension of a pH-adjusting compound into the bulk water of the reactor. The compound has the property of changing the pH of high-temperature water inside the crack from a value outside a predetermined pH range (namely, pH 6.0 to 8.0) to a value within the predetermined pH range without causing any significant change of the bulk water pH. The growth rate of the crack when the crack pH is outside the predetermined pH range is greater than the growth rate of the crack when the crack pH is within the predetermined pH range.
摘要:
A method for improving the performance and longevity of coatings of metal deposited from aqueous solutions of inorganic, organic or organometallic metal compounds. The method involves co-deposition of noble metal or corrosion-inhibiting non-noble metal during growth of oxide film on a component made of alloy, e.g. , stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The result is a metal-doped oxide film having a relatively longer life in the reactor operating environment. In particular, incorporation of palladium into the film provides greatly increased catalytic life as compared to palladium coatings which lie on the oxide surface.