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    A processing unit for a computer and a computer system incorporating such a processing unit
    1.
    发明公开
    A processing unit for a computer and a computer system incorporating such a processing unit 失效
    处理单元，用于在计算机和计算机系统，包括这样的单元。

    公开(公告)号：EP0496506A2

    公开(公告)日：1992-07-29

    申请号：EP92300212.5

    申请日：1992-01-10

    申请人： HITACHI, LTD. ,  HITACHI PROCESS COMPUTER ENGINEERING, INC.

    发明人： Miyao, Takeshi ,  Araoka, Manabu ,  Nakamura, Tomoaki ,  Tanji, Masayuki ,  Kaneko, Shigenori ,  Masui, Koji ,  Iijima, Saburou ,  Yamaguchi, Shinichiro ,  Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Kobayashi, Yoshiki ,  Fukumaru, Hiroaki ,  Tagiri, Katsunori

    IPC分类号： G06F11/16

    CPC分类号： G06F11/187 ,  G06F11/1064 ,  G06F11/141 ,  G06F11/1604 ,  G06F11/1641 ,  G06F11/1666 ,  G06F11/1679 ,  G06F11/18 ,  G06F11/181 ,  G06F11/184 ,  G06F11/185 ,  G06F11/20 ,  G06F11/2007 ,  G06F11/2028 ,  G06F11/203 ,  G06F11/2035 ,  G06F11/2043 ,  G06F12/0833 ,  G11C29/74

    摘要： A computer system has a plurality of processing units (2-1,2-2,2-n) connected via one or more system buses (1-1,1-2). Each processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) has three or more processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) on a common support board (PL) and controlled by a common clock unit (1000). The three processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) perform the same operation and a fault in a processor (20-1,20- 2,20-3) is detected by comparison of the operations of the three processors (20-1,20-2,20-3). If one processor (20-1,20-2,20-3) fails, the operation can continue in the other two processors (20-1,20-2,20-3) of the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n), at least temporarily, before replacement of the entire processing unit (2-1,2- 2,2-n). Furthermore, the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) may have a plurality of clocks (A,B) within the clock unit (1000), with a switching arrangement so that the processors (20-1,20-2,20-n) normally receive clock pulses from a main clock (A), but receive pulses from an auxiliary clock (B) if the main clock (A) fails. Switching between the main and auxiliary clock (A,B) involves comparison of the pulse duration from the clocks (A,B). Additionally, a plurality of cache memories (220,221) may be connected in common to the processors (20-1,20-2,20-3), so that failure of one cache memory (220,221) permits the processing unit (2-1,2-2,2-n) to continue to operate using the other cache memory (220,221). Coherence of the contents of the cache memories (220,221) may be achieved by direct comparison, and a comparison method can also be used to invalidate data in an internal cache memory (2020- 1,2020-2,2020-3) of a processor (20-1,20-2,20-3) which differs from that in the external cache memory (220,221). Coherence of protocols may also ensure that data in caches (220,221) of the different processor units (2-1,2-2,2-n) are always correct.

    摘要翻译： 一种计算机系统，具有经由一个或多个系统总线（1-1,1-2），其连接处理单元（2-1,2-2,2-n）的复数。 每个处理单元（2-1,2-2,2-n）具有在共同的支承板的三个或更多个处理器（20-1,20-2,20-3）（PL），并通过一个公共时钟单元（控制 1000）。 这三个处理器（20-1,20-2,20-3）执行的处理器（20-1,20- 2.20〜3）相同的手术和一个故障是由三个处理器的操作的比较来检测 （20-1,20-2,20-3）。 如果一个处理器（20-1,20-2,20-3）发生故障时，手术可以继续在处理单元中的另外两个处理器（20-1,20-2,20-3）（2-1,2 -2,2-N），至少临时地更换整个处理单元（2-1,2- 2.2-N）的前。 进一步，处理单元（2-1,2-2,2-n）可以具有的时钟的时钟单元（1000）内的多个（A，B）中，用一个开关装置因此做了处理器（20-1， 20〜2.20-N）正常地接收从主时钟（A）的时钟脉冲，而从接收的脉冲（一个辅助时钟B）如果主时钟（A）失败。 主，辅时钟（A，B）之间的切换涉及从时钟脉冲持续时间的比较（A，B）。 此外，高速缓冲存储器的有多个（220,221）可以共同连接到所述处理器（20-1,20-2,20-3），所以没有一个高速缓冲存储器（220,221）的失败允许处理单元（2-1 ，2-2,2-n）的继续使用其他高速缓存存储器（220,221进行操作）。 的高速缓冲存储器（220,221）中的内容的连贯性可以通过直接比较来实现，并且因此比较方法可以用于在处理器的高速缓存存储器中的数据无效，以内部（2020 1,2020-2,2020-3） （20-1,20-2,20-3），其从不同“那个”在外部高速缓冲存储器（220,221）。 协议可因此确保的相干性的确在不同的处理器单元（2-1,2-2,2-n）的的高速缓存（220,221）的数据是总是正确的。

    Safety-related communication device
    4.
    发明公开
    Safety-related communication device 有权
    Sicherheitsbezogene Kommunikationsvorrichtung

    公开(公告)号：EP2597571A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-05-29

    申请号：EP12192626.5

    申请日：2012-11-14

    申请人： Hitachi Ltd.

    发明人： Shibata, Naoki ,  Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Maekawa, Keiji

    IPC分类号： G06F11/07 ,  H02M7/06

    CPC分类号： G06F11/0739 ,  G06F11/0772 ,  G06F11/0793 ,  G06F11/0796

    摘要： A safety-related communication device allowing a fail-safe signal output to be performed on the same board where the processor is disposed without the need of a special output circuit. The safety-related communication device (10) comprises a failure detection means (11) to normally output an alternating signal (21) whereas to halt an output of the alternating signal (21) at the time of malfunction; a processor (12); an output element (13) to input a signal output (22) from the processor (12) so as to generate a signal output (22'); and a power supply circuit (14) to supply power (23) to the output element (13), in which the power supply circuit (14) realizing a fail-safe signal output is incorporated in the same board where the processor (12) is disposed by arranging the power supply circuit (14) such that it converts the alternating signal (21) outputted from the failure detection means (11) so as to output the power (23) for the output element (13).

    摘要翻译： 一种安全相关的通信设备，允许在不需要特殊输出电路的情况下在同一板上执行故障安全信号输出。 安全相关的通信装置（10）包括故障检测装置（11），以正常输出交替信号（21），而在故障时停止交流信号（21）的输出; 处理器（12）; 输出元件（13），用于输入来自处理器（12）的信号输出（22），以产生信号输出（22'）; 以及向输出元件（13）供给电力（23）的电源电路（14），其中实现故障安全信号输出的电源电路（14）并入处理器（12）的同一板中， 通过布置电源电路（14）使得它转换从故障检测装置（11）输出的交流信号（21），以便输出用于输出元件（13）的电源（23）。

    Resolver/digital converter and control apparatus using the same
    5.
    发明公开
    Resolver/digital converter and control apparatus using the same 审中-公开
    Resolver / Digital-Wandler undSteuergerätmit Hilfe eines solchen Wandlers

    公开(公告)号：EP2228696A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-09-15

    申请号：EP10002937.0

    申请日：2005-01-27

    申请人： Hitachi, Ltd.

    发明人： Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Sasaki, Shoji ,  Oyama, Katusya ,  Koseki, Tomonobu

    IPC分类号： G05B9/02 ,  H03M1/64 ,  G01D5/20 ,  G05D3/12 ,  B62D5/04

    CPC分类号： B60T8/885 ,  B60T2270/402 ,  B62D5/0481 ,  G01D5/2073 ,  G05B9/02 ,  H03M1/1076 ,  H03M1/645

    摘要： 1. A motor-driven power steering apparatus, comprises a digital converting portion (2) that receives resolver signals from a resolver; an exciting signal generator (3) that generates an exciting signal and supplies said exciting signal to the resolver; a conversion trigger generator (4) that generates a conversion trigger according to said exciting signal; an A/D converter (11) that converts said resolver signals to digital values in response to said conversion trigger; a computing portion (12) that detects a failure by computing a value of electric current in a motor (8), and supplies said current value to said motor having its shaft connected to a controlled object (9) and the resolver; and a motor control apparatus for controlling the controlled obj ect (9) including a steering column and a steering mechanism, wherein a steering force is assisted according to a steering torque detected by a torque sensor (13), the assistance to said steering force is stopped when said steering torque detected by said torque sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

    摘要翻译： 1.一种电动机动力转向装置，包括从旋转变压器接收分解器信号的数字转换部分（2） 激励信号发生器（3），其产生激励信号并将所述激励信号提供给旋转变压器; 转换触发发生器（4），其根据所述激励信号产生转换触发; A / D转换器（11），其响应于所述转换触发而将所述分解器信号转换成数字值; 计算部分（12），通过计算电动机（8）中的电流值来检测故障，并将所述电流值提供给其轴连接到受控对象（9）和旋转变压器的所述电动机; 以及用于控制包括转向柱和转向机构的受控对象（9）的电动机控制装置，其中根据由转矩传感器（13）检测到的转向转矩来辅助转向力，对所述转向力的帮助是 当由所述转矩传感器检测到的转向转矩超过预定阈值时停止。

    Displacement sensor using gmr elements, angle sensor using gmr elements, and semiconductor device used for them
    6.
    发明公开
    Displacement sensor using gmr elements, angle sensor using gmr elements, and semiconductor device used for them 审中-公开
    Verschiebungssensor mit GMR-Elementen，Winkelsensor mit GMR-Elementen unddafürverwendete Halbleitervorrichtung

    公开(公告)号：EP1918678A2

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-07

    申请号：EP07021228.7

    申请日：2007-10-30

    申请人： Hitachi, Ltd.

    发明人： Yamada, Masamichi ,  Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Nakabayashi, Kenji

    IPC分类号： G01D5/14

    CPC分类号： G01D5/145

    摘要： A highly accurate displacement sensor using GMR elements (2) for detecting a displacement of a physical quantity such as angle is to be provided wherein a waveform distortion of output voltage is diminished.
    There are installed at least two Wheatstone bridge circuits having a predetermined angular offset and each comprising a plurality of GMR elements (2a-2h), the GMR elements (2a-2h) each having a fixed magnetic layer (19) set to a predetermined magnetization direction (13). An AC power supply is use as a power supply of the Wheatstone bridge circuits and a displacement of a physical quantity such as a rotational angle is detected on the basis of AC-modulated outputs from the Wheatstone bridge circuits.
    An anisotropic self-bias effect of a free magnetic layer (21) in each GMR element can be diminished and hence it is possible to remedy a waveform distortion of an output signal based on the anisotropic self-bias effect of the free magnetic layer (21).

    摘要翻译： 要提供使用GMR元件（2）的高精度位移传感器，用于检测诸如角度的物理量的位移，其中输出电压的波形失真减小。 安装有至少两个具有预定角度偏移的惠斯通电桥电路，每个包括多个GMR元件（2a-2h），每个具有固定磁性层（19）的GMR元件（2a-2h）设定为预定磁化强度 方向（13）。 交流电源用作惠斯登电桥电路的电源，并且基于惠斯通电桥电路的交流调制输出检测诸如旋转角度的物理量的位移。 每个GMR元件中的自由磁性层（21）的各向异性自偏置效应可以减小，因此可以基于自由磁性层（21）的各向异性自偏置效应来补偿输出信号的波形失真 ）。

    Controller having a fail safe function, automatic train controller, and system using the same
    8.
    发明授权
    Controller having a fail safe function, automatic train controller, and system using the same 失效
    与故障安全功能，自动控制装置用于火车和利用相同的系统控制装置

    公开(公告)号：EP1302382B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-07-27

    申请号：EP02025389.4

    申请日：1995-12-20

    申请人： Hitachi, Ltd.

    发明人： Sato, Hiroshi ,  Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Nohmi, Makoto ,  Tashiro, Korefumi

    IPC分类号： B61L3/00 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F11/16

    CPC分类号： B61L15/0063 ,  B61L3/008 ,  B61L3/22 ,  B61L25/021 ,  G06F11/0796 ,  G06F11/1004 ,  G06F11/1641 ,  G06F11/165

    摘要： The object of the present invention is to provide a controller and a system having a highly reliable fail safe function. An ATP device which generates control data for the two systems from an ATP command speed signal, duplicates the logic unit in the ATP device so as to process each control data, provides at least two CRC data for checking the control data for each system, and changes the CRC data of the opposite logic units or selects one of the two according to the content of a failure detection signal from each of the duplicated logic units. It is realized to check the control data and the operation of each logic circuit and only when all the data, circuits, and elements operate normally, an output signal for controlling the object to be controlled is outputted and when a failure is detected in a part, an output signal is outputted. Therefore, when a failure occurs, a fail safe function for controlling on the safety side is made possible.

    Semiconductor device
    10.
    发明公开
    Semiconductor device 审中-公开
    半导体器件

    公开(公告)号：EP1233447A2

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-21

    申请号：EP01120671.1

    申请日：2001-08-31

    申请人： Hitachi, Ltd.

    发明人： Kanekawa, Nobuyasu ,  Sakurai, Kohei ,  Sasaki, Shoji ,  Tabuchi, Kenji ,  Watabe, Mitsuru

    IPC分类号： H01L21/762 ,  H01L27/088

    CPC分类号： H01L27/12 ,  H01L21/76229 ,  H01L21/84 ,  Y10T307/747

    摘要： A semiconductor device comprises an embedded insulation layer (101) formed on a semiconductor substrate (100), plural power semiconductor elements (2, 3) formed on a semiconductor substrate (100) on the embedded insulation layer, a trench (4) formed on the semiconductor substrate and isolating between the power semiconductor elements, and an isolator (5) insulating and driving control electrodes of the power semiconductor elements, and the power semiconductor elements (2, 3) such as transistors can be used, being connected to each other in series.

    摘要翻译： 一种半导体器件，包括形成在半导体衬底（100）上的嵌入绝缘层（101），在所述嵌入绝缘层上的半导体衬底（100）上形成的多个功率半导体元件（2,3），在所述半导体衬底 半导体基板之间以及功率半导体元件与功率半导体元件的绝缘驱动控制电极之间的绝缘以及功率半导体元件（2,3）等晶体管的功率半导体元件（2,3）之间的绝缘，可以使用彼此连接 串联。