摘要:
The present invention provides: (i) a method of and apparatus for depositing material, preferably a film, on a substrate, the method comprising the steps of: providing a substrate; heating the substrate (5); generating an aerosol comprising droplets of a material solution; providing a nozzle unit (11) for delivering the aerosol to the substrate, the nozzle unit including at least one outlet (18) through which a directed flow of the aerosol is delivered and at least one electrode (21); charging the aerosol droplets with a positive or negative charge; providing a flow of the aerosol through the nozzle unit so as to deliver a directed flow of the aerosol from the at least one outlet; and generating an electric field between the substrate and the at least one electrode such that the directed aerosol flow is attracted towards the substrate; and (ii) a method of and apparatus for fabricating a powder, preferably an ultrafine powder, the method comprising the above steps but where the aerosol droplets react homogeneously in the gas phase to form a powder.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of obtaining selectable transgenic stem cells of a vertebrate by transfecting a male germ cell with a transfection mixture comprising a nucleic acid construct containing a transcriptional unit of a stem cell-specific promoter, for example, a cyclin A1 promotor, operatively linked to a gene encoding a fluorescent or light-emitting reporter protein. The transfection mixture is a composition for transfection, in vivo or ex vivo, of a vertebrate's male germ cells, which comprises a nucleic acid or transgene, and a gene delivery system, and optionally a protective internalizing agent, such as an endosomal lytic agent, a virus or a viral component, which is internalized by cells along with the transgene and which enhances gene transfer through the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the male germ cell. In stem cells, other than germ cells, grown in vivo, expression of the reporter gene from a cyclin A1 promoter is facilitated by preventing methylation of promoter DNA by the use of flanking insulator elements in the nucleic acid construct. Alternatively, inhibitors of DNA methylation can be used in an in vitro growth medium. A kit contains components of the transfection mixture. Selectable transgenic stem cells have stably integrated the DNA, and non-human transgenic vertebrates comprise these selectable transgenic stem cells.
摘要:
An analyser comprises a substrate (20) of diamond, sapphire or a polymer material; an array (10) of elongate capillary channels formed in the substrate; means (40) for driving a sample to be tested along one or more of the channels whereby the velocities of components of the sample along the channels depends on the relative molecular weights of those components; and a radiation source (100) and a radiation detector (30) disposed on either side of the channel array so as to detect the presence of material in the channels as interruptions in the radiation path between the radiation source and the radiation detector.
摘要:
Nucleic acid for a mutant msbB or htrB gene derivable from Salmonella which results in loss of an msbB or htrB encoded protein, respectively, or loss of function of the protein, which in turn results in a lipid A molecule having reduced toxicity.
摘要:
An ultrasound scanning technique for biological tissue examines the radio frequency signals derived from reflected ultrasonic energy to identify signal parameters indicative of particular tissue histology. Such identification is then used to produce a histological image of the biological tissue. The technique is particularly useful in the examination of blood vessels to identify different types of plaque within the vessel wall. Lipid plaques produce relatively low levels of reflection. Calcified plaques produce high levels of regular reflection. Fibrous plaques may be identified as a highly homogeneous thickened wall area that does not show the characteristics of a lipid plaque. A homogeneity value for the radio frequency signal is calculated for all areas not identified as lipid plaques or calcified plaques and then this homogeneity value is mapped to a colour that is displayed within the histological image.
摘要:
A screening system for screening items, such as aircraft-hold luggage, uses a conveyer system for carrying the items along a path and an array of sensors spaced along and around the path for determining the opacity to radiation in planes intersecting the path and the items. A signal processor uses signals from the sensors to detect contours of maximum local rate of change in opacity and from these reconstruct boundaries between the regions having different opacity to radiation and then determines whether or not one or more predetermined screening criteria are met.
摘要:
The invention provides a method of determining whether a peptide of a protein is a cryptic peptide, which method includes the steps of: i) exposing T cells with the peptide in a primary challenge; ii) measuring the reactivity of T cells with the peptide in the primary challenge of step i); iii) exposing pre-challenged T cells with the peptide in a secondary challenge, wherein the pre-challenged T cells are obtainable by exposing the T cells to the protein; and measuring the reactivity of the pre-challenged T cells with the peptide in the secondary challenge of step iii), and the peptide is a cryptic peptide if T-cell reactivity is observable in the secondary challenge but not in the primary challenge.
摘要:
Methods for predicting the outcome of infection are provided, as well as kits for use in such methods. In particular, methods which comprise dermination of the presence of mutations in exon 1 of the gene coding for the MBP gene are provided.
摘要:
Un appareil servant à mettre à l'essai un implant (3) fixé à l'os (4) d'un humain ou d'un animal, comprend une tige encastrée (1) fixée amovible à l'implant. La tige porte un transducteur (5) destiné à exciter la tige au moyen d'un signal de ca de fréquence variable, et un transducteur (6) servant à détecter une fréquence de résonance dans la tige. La fréquence de résonance détectée est utilisée pour évaluer le degré de fixation de l'implant (3) sur l'os (1).