摘要:
Improved design of a catalytic reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions whereby methanol as it is formed is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor, without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalysts This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.
摘要:
Improved design of a catalytic reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions whereby methanol as it is formed is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor, without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalysts This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.
摘要:
A multi-phase fluid stream having an initial gas phase and an intitial liquid phase is converted to a gas hydrate slurry. The initial liquid phase includes an initial water and the initial gas phase includes a hydrocarbon gas. An inert solid particle medium is entrained in the multi-phase fluid stream to form a fluidizable mixture which is conveyed through the interior of a heat transfer tube (26) enclosed within a shell (18). A heat transfer medium resides within the shell (18), but is external to the heat transfer tube (26) in fluid isolation from the fluidizable mixture. The wall of the heat transfer tube (50) provides a heat transfer surface for heat exchange between the multi-phase fluid stream and the heat transfer medium, cooling the multi-phase fluid stream on contact to a temperature below the gas hydrate formation temperature and converting at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas and initial water to a plurality of solid gas hydrate particles. The solid particle medium substantially prevents accumulation of the solid gas hydrate particles on the tube wall (50). The fluidizable mixture is separated from the solid particle medium to recover a gas hydrate slurry containing the plurality of solid gas hydrate particles and the remaining portion of the initial liquid phase.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for improving or optimising a catalyst for producing phthalic anhydride by the gas phase oxidation of o-xylol and/or naphthalene, said method comprising the following steps: a) provision of a starting catalyst (K) containing at least one first catalyst layer on the gas entry side and a second catalyst layer lying closer to the gas exit side, each of said catalyst layers preferably comprising an active substance containing TiO2; b) replacement of part of the first catalyst layer by a catalyst layer connected upstream with a more intense action than the first catalyst layer, to provide an improved catalyst. The invention also relates to an improved catalyst that can be obtained according to said method.
摘要:
A multi-phase fluid stream having an initial gas phase and an intitial liquid phase is converted to a gas hydrate slurry. The initial liquid phase includes an initial water and the initial gas phase includes a hydrocarbon gas. An inert solid particle medium is entrained in the multi-phase fluid stream to form a fluidizable mixture which is conveyed through the interior of a heat transfer tube (26) enclosed within a shell (18). A heat transfer medium resides within the shell (18), but is external to the heat transfer tube (26) in fluid isolation from the fluidizable mixture. The wall of the heat transfer tube (50) provides a heat transfer surface for heat exchange between the multi-phase fluid stream and the heat transfer medium, cooling the multi-phase fluid stream on contact to a temperature below the gas hydrate formation temperature and converting at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas and initial water to a plurality of solid gas hydrate particles. The solid particle medium substantially prevents accumulation of the solid gas hydrate particles on the tube wall (50). The fluidizable mixture is separated from the solid particle medium to recover a gas hydrate slurry containing the plurality of solid gas hydrate particles and the remaining portion of the initial liquid phase.
摘要:
A reactor and process for using same, for containing a solid catalyst for heterogeneous gas-phase reactions into which reactor there extends at least one inlet pipe for a molecular oxygen-containing gas which has means for surrounding a substantial portion of the pipe in the reactor with an inert fluid and optionally also has means for suppressing ingress to the inlet pipe from the reactor of flame, reagents, products, catalyst or combinations thereof. The reactor and process are particularly suitable for fluid bed reactions.
摘要:
The invention is a process for producing hydrocarbons from hydrogen and carbon monoxide by reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a particulate solid catalyst and a substantially inert liquid medium. This reaction takes place in a reactor vessel adapted for the reaction of gases in the presence of a substantially inert liquid medium and a bed of solid particulate catalyst. The hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas are introduced at a plurality of locations within the reactor vessel. Bubbles of gas flow upward through the bed of solid catalyst particles and substantially inert liquid medium at sufficient velocity to expand the bed to a volume greater than its static volume. This velocity creates a turbulent reaction zone wherein liquid, gas, and solid catalyst are present and are in a state of motion.
摘要:
Es wird ein Reaktor zum Durchführen exothermer Gleichgewichtsreaktionen, insbesondere für die Durchführung der Methanolsynthese durch heterogen-katalysierte Umsetzung von Synthesegas vorgeschlagen, der es ermöglicht, die Reaktionsbedingungen entlang der Längskoordinate des Reaktors nachzuführen und somit zu optimieren. Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß der Reaktor in eine Vielzahl hintereinander geschalteter Reaktionszellen aufgeteilt, die jeweils eine Vorwärmzone, eine gekühlte Reaktionszone, eine oder mehrere Kühlzonen und eine Abscheidezone für kondensierbare Reaktiorrsprodukte umfassen. Die Reaktionsbedingungen sind hierdurch der jeweiligen, lokalen Zusammensetzung des Reaktionsgemischs anpassbar und über die Reaktorlänge variierbar.