摘要:
The invention provides for methods, compositions and systems using isoprene from a bioisoprene composition derived from renewable carbon for production of a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, fuel additives, and additives for fine chemistry and other uses.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for producing fatty acid esters, in which (a) fatty acids are treated with aqueous aliphatic alcohols having a boiling point ranging between 60 and 120 °C in the presence of esterases so as to obtain a pre-esterification product, (b) water and non-reacted alcohol are separated from the pre-esterification product, (c) the pre-esterification product is subjected to a second, chemically catalyzed esterification process, the same aliphatic alcohol being added as in step (a), and (d) the separated aqueous alcohol from step (c) is reused for the enzymatic pre-esterification process in stage (a).
摘要:
Graphitic nanotubes, which includes tubular fullerenes (commonly called 'buckytubes') and fibrils, which are functionalized by chemical substitution or by adsorption of functional moieties. More specifically the invention relates to single walled carbon nanotubes having diameters than 5 nanometers which are uniformly or non-uniformly substituted with chemical moieties or upon which certain cyclic compounds are adsorbed and to complex structures comprised of such functionalized nanotubes linked to one another. The invention also relates to methods for introducing functional groups onto the surface of such nanotubes. The invention further relates to uses for functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes.
摘要:
Methods, compositions, and biomimetic catalysts, such as silicateins and block copolypeptides, used to catalyze and spatially direct the polycondensation of silicon alkoxides, metal alkoxides, and their organic conjugates to make silica, polysiloxanes, polymetallo-oxanes, and mixed poly(silicon/metalklo)oxane materials under environmentally benign conditions.
摘要:
A method for converting substances into other substances in which, by using a specific viscoelastic material exhibiting spinnability, it is possible to carry out effective conversion including ion exchange, esterification, inversion, hydrolysis and so forth. The method comprises the steps of mixing a viscoelastic material having functional groups and being capable of exhibiting spinnability under high shearing stress with a liquid that is non-affinitive for the viscoelastic material and contains substances to be converted, and kneading the mixture in a kneader under a condition that said mixture exhibits spinnability, thereby converting said substances into other substances by the action of said functional groups.
摘要:
A method for converting substances into other substances in which, by using a specific viscoelastic material exhibiting spinnability, it is possible to carry out effective conversion including ion exchange, esterification, inversion, hydrolysis and so forth. The method comprises the steps of mixing a viscoelastic material having functional groups and being capable of exhibiting spinnability under high shearing stress with a liquid that is non-affinitive for the viscoelastic material and contains substances to be converted, and kneading the mixture in a kneader under a condition that said mixture exhibits spinnability, thereby converting said substances into other substances by the action of said functional groups.
摘要:
The invention concerns a particle for recovering an anion from an aqueous solution comprising a magnetic material associated with a silica based layer forming a magnetic microparticle with a silica based surface, and a layered double hydroxide deposited on the surface of the microparticle. The invention further concerns a method for manufacturing a magnetic particle comprising mixing a magnetic microparticle with a silica based surface in an aqueous solution at about pH 7 with a dispersion of layered double hydroxide at about pH 7 to obtain a mixture, and ultrasonicating the mixture for depositing the layered double hydroxide on the surface of the microparticle. In addition, the invention concerns various uses of the particle.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to the use of artificial polymers in the mimetization of enzymatic active sites and the carrying-out of catalysis using these artificial enzymes. Further, as used herein, an artificial enzyme refers more generally to a polymer-based scaffold for presenting specific chemically active atoms optimally for reactions, not just those that mimic natural enzymes. Various polymers can be used for this mimetization, including polyimides, polyurea, polyurethane, polyacrylic acid, and polylactic acid, as well as other polymers having properties and functionality that enable integration with natural and artificial amino acids, other molecules having nucleophilic and electrophilic groups (akin to the amine and carboxyl functionalities, respectively, of amino acids), as well as other molecules contributing unique chemical abilities not usually associated with the orthogonal functions inherent in most amino acids, i.e., amines, carboxyls, formamides, hydroxyls, mercaptyls and saturated hydrocarbons.