摘要:
A process for converting oxygenates to olefins comprising: a) feeding an oxygenate containing feed stream into a reactor; b) contacting the feed stream with an oxygenate conversion catalyst under oxygenate conversion conditions to produce an effluent stream comprising olefins and to form coke on the catalyst; c) regenerating the catalyst in a regenerator by contacting the coked catalyst with a regeneration medium to combust the coke; d) measuring the amount of CO in the combustion products exiting the regenerator; and e) adjusting the flow rate of the regeneration medium to maintain a stable CO level in the combustion products exiting the regenerator.
摘要:
This invention provides processes for maintaining a desired particle size distribution in an oxygenate to olefin reaction system. In one embodiment, the invention comprises replacing lost catalyst fines with less active co-catalyst particles. By adding less active co-catalyst particles to the reaction system, desirable fluidization characteristics and hydrodynamics can be maintained without affecting the overall (or primary catalyst) performance and product selectivities. The invention is also directed to a population of catalyst particles having a desirable particle size distribution well-suited for realizing ideal fluidization and hydrodynamic characteristics.
摘要:
In at least one embodiment of the present invention, a method of recovering energy from a FCC unit having a reactor and a regenerator for overall CO 2 reduction is provided. The method comprises cooling syngas to a predetermined low temperature to define cooled syngas. A turbo-expander including a first compressor is provided. The turbo-expander train is configured to combust and expand gas to drive the first compressor. The cooled syngas is compressed with the first compressor to define compressed syngas. A first stream of gas comprising CO 2 and a second stream of gas comprising CO are separated from the compressed syngas. O 2 and the first and second streams of gas are introduced to the turbo-expander train. The first stream of gas is expanded and the second stream of gas is combusted and expanded with the O 2 to recover energy, driving the first compressor and producing the syngas.
摘要:
The invention provides compositions and methods to reduce NOx emissions from the flue gas of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit (10). The invention also provides methods for reducing CO emissions from the regenerator (2) and/or the flue of an FCC unit. The compositions (4) of the invention comprise copper and/or cobalt and a carrier. The carrier can be, for example, hydrotalcite like compounds, spinels, alumina, zinc titanate, zinc aluminate, zinc titanate/zinc aluminate, and the like.
摘要:
Conversion of carbon monoxide within the regenerator of a cracking unit used to regenerate spent catalysts from the catalytic cracking of gas oil is enhanced by the addition of controlled amounts of copper chromite, cobalt chromite, or mixtures thereof. Conversion of carbon monoxide in the regenerator is accomplished while maintaining the efficiency of the cracking reaction at high levels. The amount of chromite oxidation catalyst is maintained below 500 ppm based on total cracking catalyst inventory.
摘要:
Particulate compositions for promoting CO oxidation in FCC processes are provided, the compositions comprising an anionic clay support having at least one dopant, wherein at least one compound comprising iridium, rhodium, palladium, copper, or silver is deposited on the anionic clay support, and the composition is substantially free of platinum.
摘要:
Compositions for reduction of NOx emissions generated during catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, (iv) palladium and (v) a noble metal component, preferably platinum, rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced content of NOx in an effluent off gas of a full or complete combustion FCC regenerator are accomplished while simultaneously promoting the combustion of CO.
摘要:
A composition for controlling CO and NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises: (i) acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, (iv) optionally, oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc and (v) precious metal such as Pt and Pd.