摘要:
Process for the synthesis of ammonia comprising the steps of reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock into a raw product gas, purification of said raw product gas obtaining a make-up synthesis gas, conversion of said synthesis gas into ammonia; said purification includes shift conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and the reforming process requires a heat input which is at least partially recovered from at least one of said step of shift conversion, which is carried out with a peak temperature of at least 450 °C, and said step of conversion into ammonia.
摘要:
Method for revamping a multi-bed ammonia converter, wherein said converter comprises a plurality of adiabatic catalytic beds including a first catalytic bed and one or more further catalytic bed(s), said catalytic beds being arranged in series so that the effluent of a bed is further reacted in the subsequent bed; at least a first inter-bed heat exchanger arranged between said first catalytic bed and a second catalytic bed to cool the effluent of said first bed before admission into said second bed, and optionally further inter-bed heat exchanger(s) arranged between consecutive beds; said method involves the conversion of said first catalytic bed into an isothermal catalytic bed.
摘要:
The invention relates to a device for carrying out gas reactions, comprising a plasma reactor with a throughflow of gases, which in particular has a cylindrical plasma chamber, whereby the elements for forming a flow of gases are arranged before and/or in and/or after the plasma reactor in order to form a gas stream within the plasma chamber, whereby at least one, particularly central, zone in the gas flow is formed which is flow-reduced. The invention further relates to a method for carrying out gas reactions.
摘要:
Pseudo-isothermal radial chemical reactor for catalytic reactions, comprising a substantially cylindrical shell closed at the opposite ends by respective base plates, comprising a reaction zone in which a respective catalytic bed is supported and a plurality of heat exchangers placed in said reaction zone.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zur Durchführung einer stark wärmegetönten katalytischen Reaktion in einem Prozeßfluid, ausgerüstet mit in einem Abstand parallel zueinander angeordneten Platten, die in miteinander gegenüberliegenden seitlichen Begrenzungsflächen flache Kanäle bilden, wobei ein Teil der Kanäle einen festen Katalysator enthält und das Prozeßfluid leitet und ein anderer Teil der Kanäle ein Wärmeübertragungsmedium in indirektem Wärmekontakt mit dem Prozeßfluid führt. Erfindungsgemäß sind die Platten (1) eben oder mit Rillen oder Rippen versehen und die Platten (1) auf der dem Prozeßfluid zugewandten Oberfläche mindstens teilweise mit dem Katalysator (6) beschichtet.
摘要:
Process and reactor for the preparation of ammonia at elevated pressure and temperature in an ammonia reactor, wherein a process stream of ammonia synthesis gas is successively passed through at least three catalyst beds with intermediate cooling of partially reacted synthesis gas leaving the catalyst beds by heat exchange in heat exchangers arranged between each catalyst bed. The process stream is obtained by combining prior to introduction into a first catalyst bed, a first feed stream of synthesis gas having been preheated through indirect heat exchange during the intermediate cooling of the partially converted synthesis gas and a second feed stream of synthesis gas for adjustment of temperature of the process stream. The first feed stream is passed successively through the interbed heat exchangers for cooling the partially converted synthesis gas and space velocity of the synthesis gas is adjusted to be substantially in the same range in all catalyst beds.
摘要:
Bei einem zweistufigen Ammoniakkonverter mit wenigstens einem ringförmig im Druckgehäuse angeordneten Katalysatorbett und einem dazu zentrisch im Inneren angeordneten, vom Reaktionsgas durchströmbaren Wärmetauscher soll eine Lösung geschaffen werden, mit der gerade die Führung der Wärmetauscherrohre, Optimierung, Entkopplung der Länge des Wärmetauschers von der Höhe des Katalysatorbettes und auch ein günstiger Wärmeübergang erreichbar ist, wobei insbesondere eine konstruktiv einfache Lösung gefunden werden soll. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß der Wärmetauscher (5) als ein Einboden-Wärmetauscher mit zentral und U-förmig in einem Boden (7) angeordneten Wärmetauscherrohren (6) ausgebildet ist, wobei die Rohrschenkel der U-Rohre für den Eintritt mittig und den Austritt in der Peripherie angeordnet sind.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed (Figure 2) to an improved process and apparatus for the production of gaseous products such as ammonia by catalytic, exothermic gaseous reactions and is specifically directed to an improved process which utilizes a gas-phase catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen for the synthesis of ammonia. This improved process for the production of ammonia utilizes an ammonia converter apparatus 110 designed to comprise at least two catalyst stages 102 and 106 and a reheat exchanger 104 so arranged as to provide indirect heat exchange of the gaseous effluent 107 from the last reactor catalyst stage 106 with the effluent from at least one other reactor catalyst stage (e.g., 103) having a higher temperature level in orderto reheat the effluent from the last reactor catalyst stage 107 prior to exiting the reactorvessel 110, thereby facilitating higher level heat recovery from the reactor effluent.