摘要:
A process is described for producing hydrocarbon fractions which can be used as diesel fuel or as components of diesel fuel, starting from a mixture of a biological origin containing esters of fatty acids possibly with amounts of free fatty acids, which comprises the following steps: 1) hydrodeoxygenation of the mixture of a biological origin; 2) hydroisomerization of the mixture resulting from step (1), after possible purification treatment, said hydroisomerization being effected in the presence of a catalytic system which comprises: a) a carrier of acid nature comprising a completely amorphous micro-mesoporous silico-alumina having a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio ranging from 30 to 500, a surface area greater than 500 m2/g, a pore volume ranging from 0.3 to 1.3 ml/g, an average pore diameter lower than 40 Å, b) a metallic component containing one or more metals of group VIII, possibly mixed with one or more metals of group VIB.
摘要:
Digesting cellulosic biomass in the presence of a slurry catalyst may reduce degradation product formation, but catalyst distribution and retention can be problematic. Digestion methods can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen in a digestion unit; providing a digestible filter aid in the digestion unit; distributing the slurry catalyst within the cellulosic biomass solids using fluid flow; retaining at least a portion of the slurry catalyst in a fixed location using the digestible filter aid; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of the slurry catalyst, a digestion solvent, and molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a liquor phase comprising soluble carbohydrates; and performing a catalytic reduction reaction on the soluble carbohydrates within the digestion unit, thereby at least partially forming a reaction product comprising a triol, a diol, a monohydric alcohol, or any combination thereof in the digestion unit.
摘要:
This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.
摘要:
A method for upgrading a synthesis oil synthesized by the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction, the method includes: a hydroisomerization step of hydro isomerizing the synthesis oil to remove alcohols and olefins, and converting at least a portion of normal paraffins with a carbon number of 5 or more into isoparaffins to obtain a hydroisomerized synthesis oil; a crude oil mixing step of mixing the hydroisomerized synthesis oil with a crude oil to obtain a mixed crude oil; a mixed crude oil transferring step of transferring the mixed crude oil to a crude oil distillation unit of a refinery; and a mixed crude oil refining step of processing the transferred mixed crude oil in petroleum refining facilities of the refinery including at least the crude oil distillation unit.
摘要:
Un procédé d'hydroliquéfaction directe de biomasse choisie parmi les algues, la biomasse lignocellulosique ou un ou plusieurs constituants de biomasse lignocellulosique choisis dans le groupe formé par la cellulose, l'hémicellulose et/ou la lignine pour produire des bases carburants comportant deux étapes d'hydroconversion successives sous haute pression d'hydrogène dans des réacteurs à lit bouillonnant. L'hydroconversion se fait en présence d'un catalyseur supporté de type hydroconversion de résidu pétrolier et d'une suspension composée de la biomasse et d'un solvant, de préférence un solvant donneur d'hydrogène et préférentiellement recyclé du procédé. La biomasse peut subir un prétraitement de séchage et/ou torréfaction et/ou broyage et/ou déminéralisaton avant l'hydroliquéfaction.
摘要:
A process for treating bio-oil or pyrolysis oil used to produce renewable biofuel. In a first stage, solids and/or organic reactive molecules within the feedstream are reduced without substantially deoxygenating the organic reactive molecules in the feedstream. The resulting feedstream is then introduced into a second hydrotreatment stage to produce deoxygenated bio-oil or pyrolysis oil.
摘要:
A process and system for recovering hydrogen bromide, methane, ethane and propane from butane and higher hydrocarbon products by means of condensation, cryogenic liquefaction and distillation, and for oxidation of the hydrogen bromide to bromine for re-use within a gas-conversion process for producing higher-molecular weight hydrocarbons.
摘要:
Methods and systems for promoting hydrogen gas distribution within cellulosic biomass solids during hydrothermal digestion. One exemplary method can comprise: heating a first portion of cellulosic biomass solids (16) being contacted by a continuous liquid phase (14) and a second portion of cellulosic biomass solids (10) being contacted by a continuous gas phase (14') in the presence of an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen in the continuous liquid phase (14); conveying (24) at least a portion of the continuous liquid phase (14) and at least a portion of the slurry catalyst to a location within the continuous gas phase (14') above at least a portion of the cellulosic biomass solids (10); and after conveying the continuous liquid phase (14) and the slurry catalyst, releasing them such that they contact the second portion of cellulosic biomass solids.