Abstract:
A computer-implemented method for determining a water treatment parameter includes receiving, by a computer, measurements of a fluorescence emission spectrum of a water sample including a first peak emission wavelength and at least a second peak emission wavelength, emitted in response to an excitation wavelength, receiving, by the computer, an absorbance measurement obtained at the excitation wavelength of the water sample, determining, using the computer, a ratio of the measurements at either the second peak emission wavelength, or a sum of measurements at a plurality of peak emission wavelengths including at least the first peak emission wavelength and the second peak emission wavelength, to the first peak emission wavelength, and calculating, using the computer, a value for the water treatment parameter based on a combination of at least the ratio and the absorbance measurement.
Abstract:
The optical sensor serves to measure trace components in liquids and/or gases and has at least one optical resonator (2) which has at least one porous layer, the porous layers whereof serve to receive moisture particles. The resonator (2) is a ring resonator, with which at least one optical waveguide (1) is associated. Light is fed into the waveguide (1), which is partially decoupled into the ring resonator (2). Interference with the waveguide (1) arises in the ring resonator (2) because of the partially very high fineness thereof, into which waveguide a light spectrum is radiated. A comb of wave length minima can be filtered out of the transmission spectrum. If trace components are deposited in the pores of the ring resonator (2), the refractive index and the optical path length are changed, which leads to wavelength shift of the filtered wavelength minima. The amount of trace components can be determined from the wavelength shift.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Messen von Gaskonzentrationen in einem Gasabsorptionsverfahren, wobei die Anordnung mehrere Lichtquellen, eine Messzelle (3), wenigstens einen Messempfänger (5, 13, 14) und eine Auswertevorrichtung umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Messzelle (3) einen längserstreckten schmalen Strahlengang mit einem eingangsseitigen Öffnungsdurchmesser B und einer Absorptionslänge L auf mit L > B , insbesondere L > 5·B , insbesondere L > 10·B, wobei die Messzelle (3) einen Gaseinlass (6) und einen Gasauslass (7) aufweist, wobei eine Mehrzahl von Lichtquellen unterschiedlicher Wellenlängenspektren zu einer ersten Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') zusammengefasst ist, wobei ein optischer Homogenisator (11) zwischen die erste Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') und die Messzelle (3) zwischengeschaltet ist, wobei insbesondere der Homogenisator (11) direkt oder über eine gemeinsame optische Baugruppe an die Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') angekoppelt ist.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Messen von Gaskonzentrationen in einem Gasabsorptionsverfahren, wobei die Anordnung mehrere Lichtquellen, eine Messzelle (3), wenigstens einen Mess-empfänger (5, 13, 14) und eine Auswertevorrichtung umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Messzelle (3) einen längserstreckten schmalen Strahlengang mit einem eingangsseitigen Öffnungsdurchmesser B und einer Absorptionslänge L auf mit L > B , insbesondere L > 5·B, insbesondere L > 10·B, wobei die Messzelle (3) einen Gaseinlass (6) und einen Gasauslass (7) aufweist, wobei eine Mehrzahl von Lichtquellen unterschiedlicher Wellenlängenspektren zu einer ersten Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') zusammengefasst ist, wobei ein optischer Homogenisator (11) zwischen die erste Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') und die Messzelle (3) zwischengeschaltet ist, wobei insbesondere der Homogenisator (11) direkt oder über eine gemeinsame optische Baugruppe an die Lichtquellengruppe (10, 10') angekoppelt ist.
Abstract:
An optical absorption gas sensor for detecting an analyte gas comprises a gas sample receiving chamber, at least one light emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode or other photosensor. A plurality of light pulses are generated by passing pulses of current through the at least one LED. The current through the at least one LED is measured a plurality of times during each pulse and taken into account when generating a compensated output signal. The transfer ratio between LED current and photodiode output signal is calculated a plurality of times during each pulse. An ADC measures the LED and photodiode currents alternately. The LED pulses are generated by inductor discharge flyback and the period of time for which current is supplied to the inductor prior to each pulse is selected so that the photodiode output current is at an optimal region within the input range of the ADC. At least the temperature of the at least one LED is measured and taken into account when generating the compensated output signal. Thus, rather than providing especially careful control of the LED pulses, the pulses are measured, enabling a simpler, lower power circuit which is tolerant of variations in temperature to be provided.
Abstract:
A gas detector (10) that is arranged to sense the concentration levels of target gases oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulphide, within a gas sample from an environment surrounding the detector. The gas detector (10) comprises laser sources (12a-12d) that are arranged to transmit radiation through the gas sample at four target wavelengths that correspond approximately to the optimum absorption wavelengths of each of the target gases and an optical detector (16) that is arranged to sense the intensity of the radiation transmitted through the gas sample at each of the target wavelengths. A control system (22) generates representative concentration level information for the target gases based on the level of absorption of the radiation transmitted.
Abstract:
A system and method to obtain correct gas density and flux measurements using (i) gas analyzer (open-path, or closed-path gas analyzers with short intake tube, or any combination of the two); (ii) fast temperature or sensible heat flux measurement device (such as, fine-wire thermocouple, sonic anemometer, or any other device providing fast accurate gas temperature measurements); (iii) fast air water content or latent heat flux measurement device (such as, hygrometer, NDIR analyzer, any other device providing fast accurate gas water content measurements); (iv) vertical wind or sampling device (such as sonic anemometer, scintillometer, or fast solenoid valve, etc.) and (v) algorithms in accordance with the present invention to compute the corrected gas flux, compensated for T-P effects. In case when water factor in T-P effects is negligible, the fast air water content or latent heat flux measurement device (item iii in last paragraph) can be excluded.
Abstract:
A method of measuring a pH of a solution includes: emitting light beams of two wavelengths from one side of a measuring region of a solution into which an indicator is mixed, while pulsating the solution in the measuring region; receiving at least one of transmitted light beams and reflected light beams of the emitted light beams on the other side of the measuring region, while pulsating the solution in the measuring region; obtaining absorbances of the two wavelengths based on the received at least one of the transmitted light beams and the reflected light beams; obtaining an absorbance ratio from the obtained absorbances; and calculating a pH value of the solution based on the obtained absorbance ratio and an absorbance ratio/pH value correspondence database which is previously stored.