Abstract:
A modulator is provided in operative engagement with a sensor element having a plurality of electrodes. The modulator has a single-bit quantizer electrically connected to a digital accumulator. The accumulator accumulates output information received from the single-bit quantizer. The accumulator converts the accumulated output information received from the single-bit quantizer to a multi-bit feedback signal and sends the multi-bit feedback signal in a primary feedback loop back to the sensor element. The quantizer sends a single-bit feedback signal in a secondary feedback loop back to a point before the quantizer.
Abstract:
The present invention relates broadly to a system and method for bandpass sigma-delta modulation. The continuous time bandpass sigma-delta modulator comprises an electromechanical filter, a quantizer coupled to an output from the electromechanical filter; and a feedback circuit coupled between an output from the quantizer and an input of the electromechanical filter.
Abstract:
The oversampling A/D converter samples an input analog signal at a higher frequency than the frequency band thereof and converts it into a digital signal. It is comprised of a first and second sample and hold means for alternately sampling and holding said input analog signal and generating first and second sample signals. First and second D/A converting means (12, 13) convert first and second digital local signals into corresponding first and second analog local signals, respectively. The respective differences between said first and second sample signals on the one hand and said first and second analog local signals on the other are determined by first and second subtracting means which generate first and second difference signals. Said first and second difference signals are alternately selected by selecting means (7) and delivered to integrating means (8). An integrated signal is supplied to quantizing means (9) which generate a quantized signal. Control logic circuit means (10) generate a digital signal based on said quantized signal. Distributing means (11) distribute said digital signal alternately to said D/A converters (12, 13) as said first and second digital local signals. The present converter makes it possible to achieve about twice as fast operation as the conventional oversampling A/D converters by providing and alternately operating two each of sample and hold circuits, subtracters and D/A converters.
Abstract:
To convert an analogue signal (TP[i]), such as a voltage read signal from a radiation detector, analogue signals (TP[i]) of different size are successively applied to the input of a delta/sigma converter, it being assumed that the analogue signals (TP[i]) each remain essentially unchanged for the duration of the relevant read intervals. A single-bit analogue/digital converter in the form of a quantizer (CMP) with a regulator (ADCFB) connected in series therewith is used to generate a multibit digital signal (SB). To produce an analogue return signal (S8), this multibit digital signal is converted back into an analogue signal. The difference between the analogue signal (TP[i]) to be converted and the analogue return signal (S8) is subjected to low-pass filtering. The regulator (ADCFB) can operate in either of two modes. In a first mode of operation, it corrects target value/actual value discrepancies faster than in its second mode of operation. At the beginning of a read interval, the regulator (ADCFB) operates in the first mode of operation; it then operates in the second mode of operation for the remainder of the read interval.
Abstract:
A five-level feed-back digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in a switched capacitor sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter has an improved switching sequence that boosts from two to five the number of quantization levels of the feed-back DAC. Switching sequences are used to obtain five equally distributed charge levels C * VREF, C * VREF/2, 0, -C * VREF/2 and -C * VREF. When summed with an input voltage, VIN, the five-level feedback DAC produces five equally distributed output voltages of A * VIN + VREF, A * VIN + VREF/2, A * VIN + 0, A * VIN - VREF/2 and A * VIN - VREF, where A is gain, VIN is the input voltage, and VREF is the reference voltage.
Abstract:
A low power, high dynamic range sigma-delta modulator comprises a quantizer followed by a digital integrator for generating an integrated digital signal from a quantized signal. The output of the digital integrator is coupled to a digital-to-analog converter in the feedback loop of the sigma-delta modulator.