Abstract:
A sensor includes two shear-mode piezoelectric transducers, wherein each piezoelectric transducer has a bottom surface and a top surface, wherein the top surfaces of the piezoelectric transducers are rigidly connected to each other, and wherein the bottom surfaces of the piezoelectric transducers are configured to be attached to an object to be measured.
Abstract:
A radiation collector comprising a first collector segment comprising a plurality of grazing incidence reflector shells configured to direct radiation to converge in a first location at a distance from the radiation collector, a second collector segment comprising a plurality of grazing incidence reflector shells configured to direct radiation to converge in a second location at said distance from the radiation collector, wherein the first location and the second location are separated from one another.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a lithographic apparatus comprising a member susceptible to deformation and a deformation sensor for measuring a deformation of said member. The deformation sensor comprises a first birefringence sensing element arranged to be subjected to stress in dependency of the deformation of said member and a light system configured to transmit polarized light through the first birefringence sensing element, wherein said polarized light has a first polarization state prior to being transmitted through the first birefringence sensing element. The deformation sensor further comprises a detector for detecting a second polarization state of the polarized light after being transmitted through the first birefringence sensing element and a calculation unit to determine the deformation of said member based on the first and second polarization state.