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公开(公告)号：US4118313A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-03
申请号：US705243
申请日：1976-07-14
申请人： Eugen Hadamovsky , Wolfgang Hoppe , Hans-Walter Overhausen , Bernhard Piotrowski , Wehrhart Schmid , Georg Schreiber , Heinz Schroeder
发明人： Eugen Hadamovsky , Wolfgang Hoppe , Hans-Walter Overhausen , Bernhard Piotrowski , Wehrhart Schmid , Georg Schreiber , Heinz Schroeder
CPC分类号： B01D11/0242 , B01D11/043 , B01J14/00 , B01J19/242 , B01J8/20 , B01J2219/00162
摘要： A process for mass transfer between heterogeneous systems or phases in a vertical exchange column having at least one plate, a heavier stream of matter being introduced above the plate and, a lighter stream of matter being introduced countercurrently thereto from the bottom of the plate, wherein (a) a heavier stream of matter fed from the top is deflected, above the plate, into a mixing zone in which the heavier stream undergoes vertical rotary movement and is mixed with a lighter stream of matter passing from below through a first passgeway of the plate and introduced into the mixing zone to also undergo vertical rotary movement, (b) a heavier phase, suspension, or the like fluid-like mass forming in the mixing zone during the mass transfer therein is accumulated in a zone superjacent to a second passageway of the plate; and (c) after a sufficient pressure gradient has been built up, the accumulated mass flows as another heavier stream through the second passageway into a space underneath the plate and is at this location deflected into another mixing zone in which another heavier steam undergoes vertical rotary movement, having a sense or direction of rotation opposite to that in the mixing zone above the plate, and is mixed with a lighter stream of matter fed from below.
摘要翻译： 在具有至少一个板的垂直交换柱中的异相系统或相之间的质量传递的过程，在板上方引入物质的较重物质，以及从板的底部逆流引入的较轻质的物质流，其中 （a）从顶部进料的物质较重的物流在板上方偏转到混合区，其中较重的物流经历垂直旋转运动，并与来自下面的较轻物质混合通过第一过道路 并引入混合区以进行垂直旋转运动，（b）在其中传质期间在混合区中形成的较重相，悬浮液或类似流体状物质积聚在超过第二通道的区域 的板块 和（c）在已经建立了足够的压力梯度之后，积聚的质量作为另一较重的气流通过第二通道流入板下方的空间，并且在该位置偏转到另一个较重的蒸汽经历垂直旋转 运动，具有与板上方的混合区域相反的感觉或旋转方向，并且与从下方进料的较轻质的物质混合。
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2.发明授权Process and apparatus for the production and maintenance of a fluidized layer in heterogeneous systems 失效用于在异质系统中生产和维护流化层的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4438075A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-20
申请号：US912309
申请日：1978-06-05
IPC分类号： B01J8/14 , B01D3/24 , B01D47/12 , B01D53/18 , B01J8/00 , B01J8/18 , B01J8/20 , B01J10/00 , B01J19/00 , B01J19/24 , B01D11/04
CPC分类号： B01J19/2405 , B01D3/24 , B01D47/12 , B01D53/18 , B01J19/006 , B01J8/20 , B01J2208/00 , B01J2219/00162 , B01J2219/0077
摘要： A process for the production and maintenance of a fluidized layer in a heterogeneous system includes the steps of:(1) setting a heterogeneous mass stream having a liquid as the continuous phase and a solid and/or gas as the disperse phase into fluidized motion in a column between two plates arranged superimposed and inclined in opposition to each other with respect to the horizontal, said plates forming a fluidizing cell and said fluidized motion being promoted by the force of gravity;(2) enriching a heavier phase above the lower plate, especially in the lower region thereof, and causing said heavier phase to flow from there into the space below the lower plate;(3) enriching a lighter phase below the upper plate, especially in the upper region thereof, and causing the lighter phase to flow from there into the space above the upper plate and/or to be discharged from there from the column; and(4) conducting the disperse phase in case of a density higher than that of the continuous phase, in a direction from the top toward the bottom through the column; or(5) conducting the disperse phase in case of a density lower than that of the continuous phase, in a direction from the bottom toward the top through the column.
摘要翻译： 在非均相体系中生产和维护流化层的方法包括以下步骤：（1）将具有液体的异相质量流作为连续相，将固体和/或气体作为分散相进行流化运动 两个板之间的列相对于水平面彼此重叠并相对倾斜地布置，所述板形成流化槽，所述流化运动由于重力的作用而被促进; （2）富集下板上方的较重相，特别是在其较低的区域，并使所述较重相流入下板下方的空间; （3）在上板的下方，特别是在其上部区域富集较浅的相，并使较浅的相从其上进入上板上方的空间和/或从塔排出; 和（4）在密度高于连续相的密度的情况下，在从顶部到底部通过色谱柱的方向上进行分散相; 或者（5）在密度低于连续相的密度的情况下，在从底部到顶部通过色谱柱的方向上进行分散相。
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公开(公告)号：US4578501A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-25
申请号：US141572
申请日：1980-04-18
CPC分类号： C07C51/09 , C07C67/39 , C07C67/52 , C07C67/54 , C07C67/56 , Y10S203/06 , Y10S203/08
摘要： A process for the production of a crude dimethyl terephthalate suitable for hydrolyzing into a fiber grade terephthalic acid involves separating a crude ester obtained from the production of dimethyl terephthalate by the Witten process by vacuum distillation at elevated pressure in a three-column series arranged distillation system. In the first distillation column of the system the crude is separated into a methyl p-toluate-rich fraction as head product; in a second column of the series, into a fraction rich in methyl ester of terephthalaldehydic acid as head product; and in a third distillation column, a crude dimethyl terephthalate fraction. The crude dimethyl terephthalate fraction has a methyl ester of terephthalaldehydic acid content of 0.01-0.1% by weight as a head product.
摘要翻译： 生产适用于水解成纤维级对苯二甲酸的粗制二甲基对苯二甲酸酯的方法涉及通过Witten方法将由生产对苯二甲酸二甲酯制得的粗酯与三塔系列排列的蒸馏系统进行真空蒸馏分离 。 在系统的第一个蒸馏塔中，将粗产物分离成富甲基甲酸甲酯作为头部产物; 在该系列的第二列中，加入富含对苯二醛酸甲酯的馏分作为头部产物; 在第三蒸馏塔中，将粗对苯二甲酸二甲酯分级。 粗对苯二甲酸二甲酯部分具有作为头产品的对苯二甲醛含量的甲基酯为0.01-0.1重量％。
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4.发明授权Process for the preparation of terephthalic acid by the hydrolysis of intermediate stage crude dimethyl terephthalate 失效通过中间级粗制二甲基二甲酸酯水解制备对苯二甲酸的方法
公开(公告)号：US4302595A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-24
申请号：US79253
申请日：1979-09-27
CPC分类号： C07C51/09
摘要： In a process for the preparation of fiber-grade terephthalic acid from intermediate stage crude dimethyl terephthalate, the crude dimethyl terephthalate, which has a limited content of intermediate oxidation products including a content of terephthalaldehydic acid methyl ester of up to 0.1% by weight based on the weight of the crude dimethyl terephthalate, is hydrolyzed with water at a weight ratio of the crude dimethyl terephthalate to water of between 3:1 and 0.1:1 and at a temperature between 140.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. and under a pressure required to maintain a liquid phase (e.g., from 6 to 200 bars) to produce a reaction mixture containing crystalline fiber-grade terephtalic acid and thereafter the terephthalic acid is recovered from the reaction mixture. The initial crude dimethyl terephthalate used as a starting material is obtained from a crude ester mixture produced by the oxidation of p-xylene and/or methyl p-toluate with oxygen-containing gases in the presence of heavy metal-containing oxidation catalyst at an elevated temperature and under an elevated pressure and by esterification of the oxidation mixture with methanol at an elevated temperature and elevated pressure followed by separating the resulting crude ester mixture by distillation into a methyl p-toluate enriched fraction, a residual high-boiling fraction and the crude dimethyl terephthalate having the limited content of intermediate oxidation products.
摘要翻译： 在从中间阶段粗制的对苯二甲酸二甲酯制备纤维级对苯二甲酸的方法中，粗对苯二甲酸二甲酯粗品，其中间氧化产物的含量有限，包括对苯二甲酸甲酯的含量高达0.1重量％，基于 粗对苯二甲酸二甲酯粗品的重量用水对比，粗对苯二甲酸二甲酯与水的重量比为3:1至0.1:1，温度为140℃至350℃，压力为 需要维持液相（例如6至200巴）以产生含有结晶纤维级对苯二甲酸的反应混合物，此后从反应混合物中回收对苯二甲酸。 用作起始原料的初始粗制二甲基对苯二甲酸酯由在含重金属的氧化催化剂存在下在升高的含氧气体下由对二甲苯和/或对甲苯甲酸甲酯氧化制备的粗酯混合物获得。 温度和升高的压力下，并通过在升高的温度和升高的压力下用甲醇将氧化混合物酯化，然后通过蒸馏将所得粗酯混合物分离成富甲基对甲苯甲酸馏分，残余高沸点馏分和粗产物 中间体氧化产物含量有限的对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
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5.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050009094A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-13
申请号：US10479925
申请日：2002-06-04
申请人： Werner Mueller , Heinz Schroeder
发明人： Werner Mueller , Heinz Schroeder
CPC分类号： G01N33/6896 , G01N2800/2828
摘要： The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the detection and/or quantification of the 14-3-3 proteins or their isoforms for early stage diagnosis of TSE-diseases, which method allows to perform the diagnosis in the living organism. It is furthermore an object, to detect a contamination of the sample by the parallel determination of a second antigen. This object according to the invention is solved by making use of the biochemical characteristics of the members of the 14-3-3 protein family, which bind to specific amino acid motifs like X(n)-XSXXSXXSX-X(n) or to the motif RSXpSXP (SEQ ID NO: 12) within peptides or proteins. For determining one or more isoforms or the entirety of the 14-3-3 protein(s) and for specific binding, one uses modified solid phases like e.g. microtiter plates, which are coated with a synthetic or natural peptide containing a binding motif for 14-3-3 proteins, e.g. a chemically synthesised peptide having the motif CAALPKINRSApSEPSLHR (SEQ ID NO: 1). After the addition of the extracts or bodily fluids to be investigated the detection and quantification of the generated peptide-14-3-3 protein complexes is accomplished by means of labeled antibodies. The use of the 14-3-3 protein family and/or of individual isoforms of the 14-3-3 proteins according to the invention can be employed as an effect monitor or biomonitor in aquatic invertebrates after environmental effects like the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), (xeno)estrogens etc. Moreover, the method can be used for early diagnosis of TSE-diseases like e.g. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and its novel form (variant) in young persons (vCJD) and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or comparable diseases. Thus a diagnostic marker (surrogate marker) is available, which can be used in the living organism as a screening marker, confirmation marker or single marker.
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4414302A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-08
申请号：US315625
申请日：1981-10-28
申请人： Otto Jache , Heinz Schroeder
发明人： Otto Jache , Heinz Schroeder
CPC分类号： H01M10/12 , H01M10/10 , Y02E60/126
摘要： This invention is related to a method of making a lead storage battery with a thixotropic gel as electrolyte consisting substantially of a sulphuric acid and a gelling agent. The object is to provide a lead storage battery which is maintenance free, leak-proof and of a long cycle life while permitting filling of the electrolyte independently of the plate dimensions including the superficial extent of the plate. To achieve this object: (a) the sulphuric acid is electrochemically bonded in the active material of the electrodes; and (b) the gel forming electrolyte is filled into the battery in the form of a gelling agent and a sulphuric acid concentration which is insufficient for the formation of a gel, but which is sufficient for initiating a charging process upon application of a charging voltage. During the charging process the sulfuric acid that is bonded to the electrodes, together with the gel forming electrolyte, will start the formation of the gel.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及制备具有触变性凝胶的铅蓄电池的方法，该电解质基本上由硫酸和胶凝剂组成。 本发明的目的是提供一种无需维护，防漏和长循环寿命的铅蓄电池，同时可以独立于包括板的表面程度的板尺寸填充电解液。 为了达到这个目的：（a）硫酸在电极的活性材料中电化学键合; 和（b）凝胶形成电解质以胶凝剂的形式填充到电池中，并且硫酸浓度不足以形成凝胶，但足以在施加充电电压时开始充电过程 。 在充电过程中，与电极结合的硫酸与凝胶形成电解质一起开始形成凝胶。
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