公开(公告)号：US4740915A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-26

申请号：US844270

申请日：1986-03-28

申请人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Bernhard Miller ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Walter Viess

发明人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Bernhard Miller ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Walter Viess

IPC分类号： G06F9/48 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02D41/26 ,  F02P5/15 ,  G06F15/78 ,  G06F9/22 ,  G05D13/02 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： F02P5/1502 ,  F02D41/263 ,  F02D41/266 ,  F02B1/04 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： Control of a microcomputer performing a wide variety of functions in a motor vehicle in which the sequences of input and output signals intersect in time, instead of being performed by an elaborate input/output unit, is performed in the microcomputer itself with the help of a timing signal generator operating at a sub-multiple of the microcomputer clock frequency and producing a sequence of timing signals, each of which serve as an interrupt signal to the microprocessor of the microcomputer to initiate an interrupt program for scanning inputs and preparing outputs. After this short interrupt program, the main program is resumed. In the interrupt program each of a number of registers, respectively serving separate inputs or outputs, are decremented or incremented, having been set at particular values at the beginning of each interrupt program. Some registers are set at two different values in alternation in succeeding interrupt intervals. Engine speed determination is produced by counting the number of interrupt signals during the passage of a prolonged signal representing a certain angle of shaft rotation. The frequency of timing signals is varied in steps in accordance with engine speed.

摘要翻译： 在微型计算机本身中借助于在微机本身中执行在机动车辆中执行输入和输出信号的顺序在时间上交叉而不是由精心设计的输入/输出单元执行的多种功能的微型计算机的控制 定时信号发生器以微计算机时钟频率的倍数工作，并产生一系列定时信号，每个定时信号用作微处理器的微处理器的中断信号，以启动用于扫描输入和准备输出的中断程序。 在这个短暂的中断程序之后，主程序被恢复。 在中断程序中，分别提供分开的输入或输出的多个寄存器中的每一个被递减或递增，已被设置在每个中断程序的开始处的特定值。 一些寄存器在后续中断间隔中交替设置为两个不同的值。 发动机转速的确定是通过在表示一定角度的轴旋转的长时间信号通过期间对中断信号的数目进行计数而产生的。 定时信号的频率根据发动机转速逐步变化。

公开(公告)号：US4462362A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-31

申请号：US393421

申请日：1982-06-29

申请人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： F02D45/00 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01L23/22 ,  F02D35/02

CPC分类号： G01L23/225 ,  F02P5/1526 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： A knocking sensor provides output signals which are compared in a comparator (14) with a reference (16), knocking signals (FIG. 3: U17) exceeding the reference (U16); during predetermined cyclically recurring test intervals (FIG. 2: 19), for example after each 1000 ignition events, a test signal is generated at a terminal (15) of a microprocessor (12) and applied to the comparator (14) to lower the reference level (16), so that noise signals will cause a simulated, or pseudo knocking signal to be generated. Simultaneous occurrence of the simulated, or pseudo knocking signal and test signals indicates appropriate function of the knocking system; failure of the pseudo knocking signal to occur with the lowered reference generates control output from the microprocessor, for example by retarding ignition of an ignition system (13).

摘要翻译： 敲击传感器提供在比较器（14）中与参考（16），超过参考值（U16）的敲击信号（图3：U17）进行比较的输出信号; 在预定的周期性循环测试间隔（图2：19）期间，例如在每次1000次点火事件之后，在微处理器（12）的端子（15）处产生测试信号，并施加到比较器（14）以降低 参考电平（16），使得噪声信号将导致产生模拟或伪敲击信号。 同时发生模拟或伪敲击信号和测试信号表明爆震系统的适当功能; 用降低的参考值发生伪敲击信号的故障从微处理器产生控制输出，例如通过延迟点火系统（13）的点火。

公开(公告)号：US4444042A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-24

申请号：US294513

申请日：1981-08-20

申请人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02D45/00 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01L23/22 ,  G01M15/00

CPC分类号： G01L23/225

摘要： An amplitude envelope signal is derived from the output of an engine-knock sensor. Either the peak value of the envelope signal or its steepest rate of rise initiates the operation of a delay circuit providing a signal after a delay that is dependent upon the magnitude of the peak value or rate of rise. The envelope signal is also compared with a reference signal responsive to or representing or simulating background noise levels, and a comparison signal is produced when the envelope signal exceeds the reference signal. Engine-knock recognition is determined by the coincidence of the comparison signal and the delayed signal, and may be subjected also to a measurement window criterion which limits the appearance of an engine-knock signal to a particular arc of crankshaft revolution.

摘要翻译： 振幅包络信号是从发动机爆震传感器的输出导出的。 包络信号的峰值或其最陡峭的上升速率启动在延迟之后提供信号的延迟电路的操作，该延迟取决于峰值或上升速率的幅度。 包络信号也与响应于或表示或模拟背景噪声电平的参考信号进行比较，并且当包络信号超过参考信号时产生比较信号。 发动机爆震识别由比较信号和延迟信号的一致性确定，并且还可以受到将发动机爆震信号的外观限制到曲轴旋转的特定弧的测量窗口标准。

公开(公告)号：US4478068A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-23

申请号：US410629

申请日：1982-08-23

申请人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Bernhard Miller ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Walter Viess

发明人： Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Bernhard Miller ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Walter Viess

IPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02D45/00 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H17/00 ,  G01L23/22 ,  G01M15/00

CPC分类号： G01L23/225

摘要： To recognize knocking conditions in signals derived from a knock sensor, which signals representative of knocking may be masked by background or noise signals, and to clearly distinguish the knocking signal from background or noise signals, the knocking signals are integrated with respect to measuring or strobing intervals during a predetermined angle of crankshaft rotation, digitized in an A/D converter (7) and then compared in a comparator (9) with the same signals which have been passed through a low-pass digital filter (8) to compare the integrated, digitized signal of a then occurring combustion process or event with similar signals of prior combustion processes or events to thereby recognize and distinguish knocking signal conditions from noise signal conditions; digital filtering and comparison as well as sequence timing can be carried out in a single microprocessor (FIGS. 2:14), earlier combustion events being weighted in accordance with the remoteness of their occurrence and/or engine speed and engine loading, the reference signal, for example, being generated in accordance with the formula:y(t.sub.i)=(1-k).y(t.sub.i-1)+kx(t.sub.i)whereiny(t.sub.i) is the reference signal;i is the count index of the respective number of combustion cycles of the respective cylinder;x(t.sub.i) is the instantaneous digitized integrated value; and k is the weighting factor with which the then pertaining digitized integrated value is weighted to form the new reference value.Combustion processes which resulted in knocking can be eliminated from forming part of the comparison.

摘要翻译： 为了识别来自爆震传感器的信号中的爆震条件，其表征爆震的信号可被背景或噪声信号掩蔽，并且清楚地区分爆震信号与背景或噪声信号，所以敲击信号相对于测量或选通 在曲轴旋转的预定角度期间的间隔，在A / D转换器（7）中数字化，然后在比较器（9）中与通过低通数字滤波器（8）的相同信号进行比较，以比较集成 ，然后发生的燃烧过程或事件的数字化信号具有类似的先前燃烧过程或事件的信号，从而识别和区分爆震信号条件与噪声信号条件; 数字滤波和比较以及序列时序可以在单个微处理器中执行（图2:14），早期的燃烧事件根据其发生和/或发动机速度和发动机负载的偏远加权，参考信号 例如，根据以下公式生成：y（ti）=（1-k）.y（ti-1）+ kx（ti）其中y（ti）是参考信号; i是相应气缸的相应燃烧循环次数的计数值; x（ti）是瞬时数字化积分值; 并且k是加权因子，随后关联的数字化积分值被加权以形成新的参考值。 导致敲击的燃烧过程可以从形成部分比较中消除。

公开(公告)号：US4397176A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-09

申请号：US237106

申请日：1981-02-23

申请人： Siegfried Rohde ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Gunther Schmidt

发明人： Siegfried Rohde ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Herbert Schramm ,  Gunther Schmidt

IPC分类号： F02B1/04 ,  G01K1/14 ,  G01K5/02 ,  G01K7/00 ,  G01L23/22

CPC分类号： G01K7/00 ,  G01K1/14 ,  G01K5/02 ,  G01L23/221 ,  F02B1/04

摘要： One or more temperature sensing elements, for example thermo couples (13, 14, 16, 17), NTC or PTC or resistance wires (18) or capillary fluid temperature sensor elements (20, 21) are located on or in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the inner wall of the combustion chamber, for example and preferably by being integrated within a head liner or facing (15, 15') of the cylinder head gasket or seal (10). The output signals, in electrical or hydraulic form are connected to an evaluation stage (E, E') which determines if the temperature within the cylinder, representative of knocking, has exceeded a predetermined level. Preferably, a speed signal (n) is derived from the engine so that the signals from the sensing elements can be strobed with respect to the time within the engine cycle during which ignition may or is intended to occur so that temperature variations due to normal engine operating strokes are eliminated from the systems output.

摘要翻译： 一个或多个温度感测元件，例如热电偶（13,14,16,17），NTC或PTC或电阻丝（18）或毛细管流体温度传感器元件（20,21）位于 燃烧室的内壁的一部分，例如并优选通过集成在气缸盖衬垫或密封件（10）的头衬套或面（15,15'）内。 电气或液压形式的输出信号连接到评估级（E，E'），该判定级（E，E'）决定了气缸内代表爆震的温度是否超过预定值。 优选地，从发动机导出速度信号（n），使得来自感测元件的信号可以相对于发动机循环期间的时间被选通，在该时间期间可能会或将要发生点火，从而使正常发动机引起的温度变化 操作笔画从系统输出中消除。

公开(公告)号：US4467634A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-28

申请号：US397094

申请日：1982-07-12

申请人： Siegfried Rohde ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Siegfried Rohde ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H17/00 ,  G01L23/22 ,  G01M15/00 ,  H03K5/08

CPC分类号： H03K5/082 ,  G01L23/225

摘要： A knocking sensor (10) which provides output signals representative of combustion condition under knocking to thereby generate knocking signals which have mixed therewith noise or stray interference signals, and which also furnishes noise or stray interference signals under other than knocking combustion conditions, has its output connected to a plurality of parallel connected selective filters (2, 3). The filters have different pass band frequencies. One of the filters (3) is tuned to sense knocking frequencies, one or more other filters (2) being tuned to preferentially select noise or interference signals. A selection and discriminating circuit (10) having comparators (11) is provided connected to the filters to eliminate noise signals by comparing the signal level of the output received from the filters with a reference, which may be a dynamic reference, the outputs from the discriminators being processed in a logic circuit (15) to provide output signals (18) if (1) the filtered signal having the frequencies expected upon knocking exceeds a threshold level and (2) the filtered signal having the frequency band of the stray, or noise signals is below a threshold level and, preferably, a knocking signal persists for a time in excess of a time interval as determined by a timing circuit (16). Preferably, non-linear circuits such as logarithmic circuits (4, 5), are connected between the outputs from the filters (2, 3) and the comparators (11, 12) of the selection or recognition or discriminating circuit (10).

摘要翻译： 一种爆震传感器（10），其提供表示爆震时的燃烧状态的输出信号，从而产生与噪声或杂散干扰信号混合的爆震信号，并且还提供除了爆震燃烧条件之外的噪声或杂散干扰信号，其输出信号 连接到多个并联连接的选择性过滤器（2,3）。 滤波器具有不同的通带频率。 滤波器（3）中的一个被调谐以感测爆震频率，一个或多个其它滤波器（2）被调谐以优先选择噪声或干扰信号。 提供了具有比较器（11）的选择和识别电路（10），其连接到滤波器以通过将从滤波器接收的输出的信号电平与参考（其可以是动态参考）相比较来消除噪声信号， 如果（1）具有爆震预期的频率的滤波信号超过阈值电平，以及（2）具有杂散频带的滤波信号，则在逻辑电路（15）中处理鉴别器以提供输出信号（18），以提供输出信号 噪声信号低于阈值水平，并且优选地，敲击信号持续超过由定时电路（16）确定的时间间隔的时间。 优选地，诸如对数电路（4,5）之类的非线性电路连接在选择或识别或识别电路（10）的滤波器（2,3）和比较器（11,12）的输出端之间。

公开(公告)号：US4466407A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-21

申请号：US416590

申请日：1982-09-09

申请人： Reinhard Aures ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Reinhard Aures ,  Jorg Bonitz ,  Robert Entenmann ,  Rochus Knab ,  Siegfried Rohde ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： F02P7/00 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  F02P5/14

CPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02B1/04 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： To provide a signal representative of angular crankshaft position from an ignition distributor, independently of change of ignition timing, the ignition distributor includes a further or additional rotating transducer system (8, 9, 10, 11), for example a rotating disk (8) positively coupled to the shaft (3) of the distributor. The disk (8) carries markers (10) which are picked up by an optic, magnetic (Hall generator) or inductive pick-up (9). To provide a reference marker output, for example a reference, e.g. TDC position of a reference piston, the rotating disk (8) can carry an additional reference marker (10a) picked up by a reference pick-up (9a) which can be similar to the other pick-ups used in the construction. The specific crankshaft position signals are especially suitable and desirable if the engine is coupled to an engine knock sensing and knock prevention system (KS).

摘要翻译： 为了从点火分配器提供代表角度曲轴位置的信号，与点火正时的变化无关，点火分配器包括另外或附加的旋转传感器系统（8,9,10,11），例如旋转盘（8） 主动地联接到分配器的轴（3）。 盘（8）携带由光学器件，磁（霍尔发生器）或感应拾取器（9）拾取的标记（10）。 提供参考标记输出，例如参考标记输出。 参考活塞的TDC位置，旋转盘（8）可以承载由参考拾取器（9a）拾取的另外的参考标记（10a），其可以与在结构中使用的其它拾取器类似。 如果发动机耦合到发动机爆震检测和爆震防止系统（KS），则具体的曲轴位置信号是特别合适和期望的。

公开(公告)号：US07562946B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-21

申请号：US10465962

申请日：2001-11-30

申请人： Klaus-Dieter Leimbach ,  Falk Hecker ,  Oliver Jundt ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Klaus-Dieter Leimbach ,  Falk Hecker ,  Oliver Jundt ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： B60T8/60

CPC分类号： B60T8/1755 ,  B60T8/1708

摘要： A brake regulating system particularly suitable for stabilizing the motion of a commercial vehicle is described, in which a control unit outputs, as a function of a number of input variables, a predefined manipulated variable for the brake pressure of each wheel of a commercial vehicle and/or a predefined manipulated variable for an output variable of the drive engine. For detecting the input variables, the input of the control unit is connected to a steering angle sensor for detecting a steering angle predetermined by the driver, to a sensor system for determining the yaw rate of the commercial vehicle, and to a first acceleration sensor for detecting the transverse acceleration of the commercial vehicle.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种特别适合于稳定商业车辆的运动的制动调节系统，其中控制单元根据输入变量的数量输出用于商用车辆每个车轮的制动压力的预定操纵变量，以及 /或用于驱动引擎的输出变量的预定义的操纵变量。 为了检测输入变量，控制单元的输入连接到用于检测由驾驶员预定的转向角的转向角传感器，用于确定商用车辆的横摆角速度的传感器系统以及第一加速度传感器 检测商用车的横向加速度。

公开(公告)号：US06272420B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-07

申请号：US09355133

申请日：1999-10-18

申请人： Herbert Schramm ,  Peter Dominke ,  Klaus-Dieter Leimbach ,  Gabriel Wetzel

发明人： Herbert Schramm ,  Peter Dominke ,  Klaus-Dieter Leimbach ,  Gabriel Wetzel

IPC分类号： G06F700

CPC分类号： B60R16/0233 ,  B60T8/172 ,  B60T2230/03

摘要： A method and an apparatus relate to the detection of a tilt tendency of a vehicle about a vehicle axis oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. For this purpose, for at least one wheel, a variable describing the wheel rotation speed and at least one variable representing the transverse dynamics of the vehicle are ascertained. As a function of one of the variables representing the transverse dynamics of the vehicle, braking torques and/or drive torques are briefly generated and/or modified at at least one wheel. While the braking torques and/or drive torques at the at least one wheel are being briefly generated and/or modified, and/or after they have been briefly generated and/or modified, a variable which quantitatively describes the wheel behavior is determined for that at least one wheel, as a function of the variable describing the wheel rotation speed of that wheel. As a function of that variable quantitatively describing the wheel behavior of that wheel, a determination is made as to whether there is a tilt tendency of the vehicle about a vehicle axis oriented in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置涉及车辆沿着车辆纵向取向的车辆轴线的倾斜倾向的检测。 为此，对于至少一个车轮，确定描述车轮转速的变量和表示车辆的横向动力学的至少一个变量。 作为表示车辆的横向动力学的一个变量的函数，制动转矩和/或驱动转矩在至少一个轮上短暂地产生和/或修改。 尽管在至少一个车轮处的制动转矩和/或驱动转矩正在短暂地产生和/或修改，和/或在它们被短暂地产生和/或修改之后，确定定量描述车轮行为的变量， 至少一个轮，作为描述该车轮的车轮转速的变量的函数。 作为该变量的函数，定量描述该车轮的车轮行为，确定关于车辆在车辆纵向方向上定向的车辆轴线是否存在倾斜倾向。

公开(公告)号：US6021170A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US151960

申请日：1998-09-11

申请人： Gerd Reimer ,  Herbert Schramm

发明人： Gerd Reimer ,  Herbert Schramm

IPC分类号： G21C5/10 ,  G21C13/00 ,  G21C19/00

CPC分类号： G21C5/10 ,  G21Y2002/302 ,  G21Y2004/301 ,  Y02E30/40

摘要： A nuclear reactor plant includes a reactor pressure vessel having a core barrel supported on a cylindrical holding structure fixed in the reactor pressure vessel. The core barrel has a lower part with at least one elastically resilient segment. A projection disposed on the segment engages under the holding structure in such a way that a wedge-like gap is formed between a lower surface of the holding structure and the projection. A wedge is braced in the gap. A method is also provided for mounting the core barrel.

摘要翻译： 核反应堆设备包括反应堆压力容器，其具有支撑在固定在反应堆压力容器中的圆柱形保持结构上的芯筒。 芯筒具有至少一个弹性弹性段的下部。 设置在所述节段上的突起在所述保持结构下方接合，使得在所述保持结构的下表面和所述突起之间形成楔形间隙。 一个楔子支撑在间隙中。 还提供了一种用于安装芯筒的方法。