摘要:
Disclosed is an electromechanical transducer element including a first electrode disposed on a substrate; an electromechanical transducer film disposed on a first portion of the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on a second portion of the electromechanical transducer film, wherein an actuator portion formed by laminating the substrate, the first electrode, the electromechanical transducer film, and the second electrode has a stiffness such that, in a cross section of the actuator portion, the stiffness gradually increases from an end portion of the actuator portion to a center portion of the actuator portion.
摘要:
Disclosed is an electromechanical transducer element including a first electrode disposed on a substrate; an electromechanical transducer film disposed on a first portion of the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on a second portion of the electromechanical transducer film, wherein an actuator portion formed by laminating the substrate, the first electrode, the electromechanical transducer film, and the second electrode has a stiffness such that, in a cross section of the actuator portion, the stiffness gradually increases from an end portion of the actuator portion to a center portion of the actuator portion.
摘要:
A thin film manufacturing method includes placing a substrate in a raw material solution with which a thin film is formed on a first principal plane of the substrate; forming the thin film on the first principal plane of the substrate by applying light to a first principal plane side from a light source; measuring a distance from the first principal plane of the substrate to a liquid surface of the raw material solution by applying light from the light source; and adjusting a position of the substrate in a height direction on the basis of a measurement result obtained at the measuring.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a metal oxide film is disclosed. The method includes the steps of soaking a substrate on which the metal oxide film is formed in a precursor solution for forming the metal oxide film; and irradiating and scanning a light, the light being collected at an interface between the substrate and the precursor solution, wherein the light is transmitted through the precursor solution, and the metal oxide film is formed on the substrate.
摘要:
A fluid discharge head includes a fluid chamber filled with ink; a discharge opening configured to discharge a droplet of ink from the fluid chamber; a plurality of piezoelectric elements configured as displacement generating units to provide kinetic energy to the ink for the discharge of the ink droplet; and a vibrating plate forming a part of the fluid chamber and connected to the piezoelectric elements, the vibrating plate being configured to transmit a displacement generated by the piezoelectric elements to the ink in the fluid chamber. The vibrating plate includes vibrating portions for the respective the piezoelectric elements. The vibrating portions are configured to be independently displaced for the corresponding piezoelectric elements, and at least one of the piezoelectric elements is configured as a pressure detecting unit to detect an ink pressure in the fluid chamber.
摘要:
In a state deciding apparatus, an information acquiring unit acquires pieces of information of different types related to a state of an image forming apparatus. An index value calculating unit calculates an index value based on the pieces of information acquired. A state change deciding unit decides a change in a subsequent state of the image forming apparatus, based on a temporal change in the index value calculated.
摘要:
An electrostatic ink-jet head includes an oscillation plate which defines a bottom of a pressurizing chamber. An electrode substrate is bonded to the oscillation plate and includes a recessed portion that defines an internal space between the oscillation plate and the electrode substrate. A curved electrode is arranged on the recessed portion so as to face the oscillation plate via the internal space. When a driving voltage is applied to the electrode, the electrode actuates the oscillation plate via an electrostatic force, so as to pressurize ink in the pressurizing chamber, thereby ejecting an ink drop onto the recording paper. In the ink-jet head, a dielectric layer is provided on at least one of the electrode and the oscillation plate, and the recessed portion of the electrode substrate has a generally concave cross-section taken along shorter sides of the oscillation plate, such that a gap between the electrode and the oscillation plate is gradually decreased from a middle point to ends of the shorter sides.
摘要:
A thin film two terminal element comprises a lower metallic electrode disposed on an insulating substrate; an insulating film disposed on the insulating substrate and formed by a hard carbon film including at least one of amorphous and microcrystal properties with carbon and hydrogen atoms as a main structure forming element; and an upper metallic electrode disposed on the insulating substrate and formed by a metal having a standard free energy in the production of an oxide at a room temperature equal to or greater than that in the production of H.sub.2 O or CO.sub.2. The lower metallic electrode is disposed to partially overlap a transparent electrode and is formed by a metal having a standard electrode potential in an aqueous solution equal to or higher than that of the transparent electrode.
摘要:
A printing apparatus with an image reading device, having a platen extending along a line of printing, a guide rod extending parallel to the platen, a carriage movable on the guide rod, and a printing head which is mounted on the carriage to effect a printing operation a recording medium on the platen. The image reading device comprises: a pair of support portions which slidably engage the guide rod so as to sandwich the carriage in a direction parallel to the line of printing; a bridging portion connecting the support portions such that the support portions are immovable relative to each other; an image-reading portion supported immovably relative to the support portions and the bridging portion, and having an operative position adjacent to the surface of the recording medium, for reading images on the surface; and a control circuit fixed to the bridging portion, for controlling an image-reading operation of the image-reading portion.
摘要:
An electrostatic type inkjet head can be manufactured by a semiconductor manufacturing process without causing a problem inherent to a semiconductor manufacturing process. The inkjet head is produced by bonding a first body member and a second body member to each other. A plurality of vibration plates are formed on the first body member. A plurality of individual electrodes are formed on the second body member. Spacer portions are provided to at least one of the first body member and the second body member so that the first body member and the second body member are bonded to each other with the spacer portions therebetween. The spacer portions define a space providing a gap between each of the vibration plates and a respective one of the individual electrodes. Vent passages connecting each of the spaces to atmosphere are formed by the spacer portions so as to release gasses generated in the space during a manufacturing process.