摘要:
Integrated design of a combustion pressure sensor (11, 12, 13, 14) and combustion heat-flow sensor (21) which is suitable for determining a physical variable of the combustion process of an engine.
摘要:
An electrically actuated positioning element system utilizes a positioning element formed of piezo-electrical bodies each formed of a plurality of lamellae having electrodes. The lamellae have a length substantially greater than their thickness and upon application of an electrical voltage with a field direction which promotes a polarization of the material of the lamellae, the body is shortened. The two bodies are connected to one another at one end by a cross arm and at the other end the one body end is active and free to move relative to the other body end such that a resultant relative motion occurring between the two body ends may be utilized. Preferably a connection is provided for absorbing a lateral thrust of the bodies. The two piezo-electrical bodies are each electrically connected to one another for reverse-phase operation such that one contracts while the other is in a lengthened condition and vice versa.
摘要:
Laser-induced color printing with means with which the printing color of a micro-capsule to be impinged by the laser beam (12) is identified. These means are a fluorescence transformer material as a constituent of the content of the micro-capsules (3) or an additional white light ray with which the printing color of an individual micro-capsule (3) can likewise be identified.The printing ensues given coincidence of a printing instruction provided for a defined location with color specification and of the momentary incidence of the scanning laser beam (12) on a micro-capsule (3) for which this printing color has been identified as being present.
摘要:
A system is disclosed for indicating when a flow heater used for vaporization of water and heated by PTC resistors as heating elements therein must be decalcified. Within the flow heater a PTC resistor element is located at a water entry and also at a water exit region. A main PTC heater element is also provided between the entry and exit elements. Separate power supply lines are run to the exit and entry heating elements and an electronic circuit is provided which determines when a difference in current flow in the exit heating element compared to the entry heating element exceeds a given value indicative of the need for decalcification. The circuit connects with an indicator which is triggered when decalcification is required.
摘要:
A fuel injection nozzle for a combustion engine not only has a valve for alternately opening and closing the nozzle, but also has a part which undergoes alternating stroke movement, either longitudinally or transversely. The alternating stroke movement changes the opening angle of the nozzle opening. The alternating stroke movement is in a frequency range of approximately 5 to 20 kiloHertz.
摘要:
A heater is disclosed having a PTC thermistor heating element rigidly wedged in an intermediate space of the member to be heated by use of at least one wedge-shaped member. The wedge-shaped member has a surface which is at least the size of the heating elment so an optimum heat transmission is guaranteed.
摘要:
A pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine has a piezoceramic transducer in an operating connection, by way of a plunger, with a membrane, the sensor being secured in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the membrane located within a cylinder. The pressure sensor serves for detecting knock and ping.
摘要:
A photographic or electronic camera is disclosed having an optoelectronic distance meter. Linear sensors are provided and by way of partial aperture diaphragms associated with a lens first and second images are created and projectd onto the image sensors. An evaluating circuit, in dependence upon varied position displacements of the sensor signals, determines a maximum correlation between the signals and an associated position displacement with a corresponding electrical value corresponding to distance. A stringing mirror deflects the path of rays either into the view finder or to an image plane for picture taking. The swinging mirror has apertures positioned to permit the first and second bundles of rays to pass therethrough. Deflection elements are attached to the swinging mirror and are positioned to direct the partial bundles of rays passing through the apertures such that the images are projected onto the image sensors.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the production of hydrophilic filaments and fibres from a filament-forming synthetic polymer by a wet- or dry-spinning process which comprises introducing into the spinning solvent from 5 to 50% by weight of a substance with special properties defined herein and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of at least one surface-active compound as well as to hydrophilic filaments and fibres produced by such process.
摘要:
Burglar alarm apparatus includes an ultrasonic transmitter and an electromagnetic radiation transmitter whose signals are Doppler frequency shifted by an object moving through the radiation fields, the signals being received by respective demodulating receivers which provide respective electrical signals corresponding to the Doppler frequency. Frequency conversion apparatus is connected to one of the receivers to convert the output frequency thereof by a predetermined ratio to normalize or equalize the frequencies and a signal comparison circuit is provided to produce a signal in response to a ratio of the Doppler shifted signals within a predetermined tolerance range.