摘要:
Distributed amplifier systems and methods are disclosed. An example distributed amplifier system includes first stage traveling wave amplifier (TWA) circuitry that is controllable to provide one of a first set of discrete gain settings. The first stage TWA circuitry includes a first input transmission line, a first output transmission line, and a first plurality of amplifiers coupled antiparallel between the first input transmission line and the first output transmission line. The first set of discrete gain settings has approximately constant logarithmic spacing.
摘要:
A coaxial to waveguide transition includes a first rigid portion comprising an inverted hollow cone, a second rigid portion comprising a hollow tube, and a third rigid portion comprising a hollow cone. The first rigid portion has a first end and a second end, and tapers inward at a first angle from its first end towards its second end. The second rigid portion has a first end and a second end, with the first end being partially disposed within the second end of the first rigid portion. The third rigid portion has a first end and a second end, with the first end of the third rigid portion being partially disposed within the second end of the second rigid portion. The third rigid portion tapers outward at a second angle from its first end towards its second end, where the second angle is less than the first angle.
摘要:
An amplifier including a pre-amplifier, an impedance converter, and a traveling wave amplifier (TWA) is disclosed. The pre-amplifier receives a differential input signal and has a pair of first output nodes that output a first differential signal by amplifying the differential input signal. Each first output node has first output impedance. The impedance converter includes a pair of first input nodes that receive the first differential signal and a pair of second output nodes that output a second differential signal. Each first input node has first input impedance greater than the first output impedance. The impedance converter converts the first differential signal into the second differential signal. Each second output node has second output impedance smaller than the first output impedance. The TWA includes a pair of transmission lines connected to the pair of the second output nodes. Each transmission line has characteristic impedance matching with the second output impedance.
摘要:
A power combining arrangement includes an input divider waveguide and an output combiner waveguide, and a first and second amplifier. The power combining arrangement is configured to amplify RF energy having a characteristic wavelength λ. The first amplifier has a first input electrically coupled with a first output port of the divider waveguide. The second amplifier has a second input electrically coupled with a second output port of the divider waveguide. The first and second output ports are separated by a first distance corresponding to a phase delay 1, the first distance being selected substantially independently of the characteristic wavelength. The first amplifier has a first output electrically coupled with a first input port of the combiner waveguide and the second amplifier has a second output electrically coupled with a second input port of the combiner waveguide. The first and second input ports are separated by the first distance.
摘要:
A semiconductor structure comprising two conventional electrodes of an avalanche diode and furthermore a supplementary electrode. In a preferred embodiment the conventional and supplementary electrodes form two combs of which the teeth are intermingled and separated from one another by intervals of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the active layer wherein the avalanche rises. There are two functioning cases. In a first case the biassing voltage applied to the supplementary electrode is lower than the breakdown voltage and the operating conditions of the avalanche diode is optimised or controlled as in a modulator or a frequency shifter. In a second case the biassing voltage applied to the supplementary electrode is higher than the breakdown voltage and the power and/or efficiency of an amplifier or oscillator using such a structure is increased.
摘要:
A Gunn effect triode is utilized to provide a power divider. The power divider may, for example, be provided with a main branch from which depend two or more legs and from each of which a replica of the input signal is obtained. Since a Gunn effect triode is an amplifier, the output signal is amplified whereas the conventional divider experiences a substantial loss. The power divider is characterized by its extremely small area which may be on the order of 25 microns squared and by its increased sensitivity.
摘要:
A solid state negative conductivity amplifier or oscillator in which a transverse electromagnetic wave is propagated inside a body of negative conductivity material. By varying the dimensions and the conductivity of the body of material and the surface reflection co-efficients the device can be made into a broadband amplifier, a narrow band amplifier or an oscillator.
摘要:
A radial waveguide-3dB hybrid coupler in a circular configuration comprises two coaxial radial wave-guides, one with an input port and one with an output port, having a branch-guide hybrid coupler formed in the common broad wall. Dual arrays of one-port, reflective type, power amplifying modules are mounted at the periphery of the waveguide structure. Input power is coupled to both module arrays and reflected to the output port to provide gain-enhanced output power over broad bandwidths.
摘要:
This invention is directed to a microwave solid-state device incorporating semiconductor devices of the type which exhibit the transferred electron effect. A plurality of these devices provided within a transmission line may provide greater amplification or a larger oscillator output for microwave applications over that of a single device.
摘要:
Amplifier circuitry is disclosed for receiving a differential signal and outputting a single-ended output signal. A travelling wave amplifier has a plurality of amplifier elements connected between an input transmission line and an output transmission line, each extending between first and second sides of the travelling wave amplifier. The input transmission line is configured to receive the first differential signal component at the first side and the output transmission line is configured to provide the single-ended output signal at the second side. A matched transmission line, which is configured to match at least some transmission properties of the input transmission line, receive the second differential signal component at the first end. A differential termination network is connected to both the input transmission line and matched and the matched transmission line and is configured to provide differential termination of signals received at the first and second termination inputs.