Abstract:
An internal voltage generation device is disclosed which includes an internal voltage generator operated in response to an enable signal, the internal voltage generator generating an internal voltage using a reference voltage, and a sub-voltage generator for driving an output terminal of the internal voltage generator to a predetermined voltage level in response to a control signal.
Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device for performing a refresh operation comprises a memory cell array, a driving control unit, a word line driving unit, a sense amplifier driving unit and a sense amplifier. The memory cell array comprising a plurality of cells stores data. The driving control unit receives a row address and a plurality of command signals to output a word line control signal and a sense amplifier control signal, and sets an enable period of the sense amplifier control signal in response to a refresh signal. The word line driving unit receives the word line control signal to drive a word line. The sense amplifier driving unit receives the sense amplifier control signal to drive a sense amplifier. The sense amplifier senses and amplifies data of the bit line in response to an output signal from the sense amplifier driving unit. In the semiconductor memory device, sensing time is increased at a self-refresh mode, thereby reducing self-refresh current and improving refresh characteristics.
Abstract:
A WLAN distributed/opportunistic scheduling (WDOS) method for acquiring a multi-user diversity gain is disclosed. The WDOS method allows a transmitter (i.e., a transmission user) to observe channel conditions of receivers (i.e., reception users), and commands the transmitter to transmit packets to a specific receiver having a relative good channel condition. The WDOS method uses a modified RTS/CTS exchange method to perform the channel probing. If the transmitter broadcasts the BRTS frame, each receiver transmits a CTS frame after the lapse of its backoff period. According to the reception signal strength distribution, the backoff delay time minimizes the number of CTS collisions irrespective of the number of receivers, reduces an amount of channel probing overheads, and maximizes a multi-user diversity gain. The better the relative channel condition, the lower the backoff delay time.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device including a multi-gate transistor. The method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a semiconductor device having a number of active patterns which extend in a first direction, are separated by an isolation layer, and covered with a first insulating layer; forming a first groove by etching the isolation layer located between the active patterns adjacent to each other in the first direction; burying the first groove with a passivation layer; forming a second groove exposing at least a portion of both sides of the active patterns by etching the isolation layer located between the active patterns in a second direction intersecting the first direction; removing the passivation layer in the first groove; and forming a gate line filling at least a portion of the second groove and extending in the second direction.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of running a viral advertisement service. The method includes providing a viral advertisement package for distributing via a computer network. The package has a playable content and a software module. Upon playing the playable content in a computing device, the software module is executed and sends a signal to a designated computer via the computer network. The signal indicates that the playable content is played in the computing device. The method further includes monitoring receipt of the signal by the designated computer from the remote computing device and computing a charge for the advertisement service based on the receipt of the signal is provided.
Abstract:
The internal voltage generator includes a level detector for comparing an internal voltage with a reference voltage to output a level detecting signal; a pump controller for outputting a pump enable signal in response to a mode signal and the level detecting signal; and a voltage pump for generating the internal voltage in response to the pump enable signal.
Abstract:
A heater cartridge and a molding apparatus using the heater cartridge are provided. The molding apparatus includes a mold comprising at least one cartridge channel and a heater cartridge inserted to the cartridge channel, the heater cartridge comprising a main body casing, a plurality of heating sectors dividing an inside of the main body casing, and a heating part provided to at least one of the heating sectors to heat a predetermined area of the mold. The heater cartridge and molding apparatus having same provide uniform heating to enhance thermal efficiency and the quality of a product.
Abstract:
A method of forming a metal pattern using a selective electroplating process is provided. First, a dielectric layer is formed on an underlying layer. Then, a trench defining blanket region is formed by patterning the dielectric layer. A diffusion barrier layer is conformally formed in the trench and on the blanket region. A polishing/plating stop layer and an upper seed layer are conformally formed on the diffusion barrier layer in a successive manner. The polishing/plating layer in the blanket region is exposed by selectively removing the upper seed layer in the blanket region, and, at the same time, a seed layer pattern remaining in the trenches is formed. An upper conductive layer is formed to fill the trench surrounded by the seed layer pattern using an electroplating process. Then, the dielectric layer in the blanket region is exposed by planarizing the upper conductive layer, the polishing/plating stop layer, the seed layer pattern, and the diffusion barrier layer.
Abstract:
A refresh control circuit and method thereof and a bank address signal change circuit and methods thereof. The bank address signal change circuit may receive bank address signals from a bank address signal generation circuit. The received bank address signals may designate a first at least one of a plurality of memory banks. The bank address signal change circuit may determine whether the first at least one designated memory bank is associated with the longest refresh cycles from among the plurality of memory banks. Based on the determination, the bank address signal change circuit may generate a plurality of bank address signal change signals designating a second at least one of the plurality of memory banks. A refresh operation circuit may perform a refreshing operation on the second at least one memory banks in accordance with the bank address signal change signals. The bank address signal generation circuit, bank address signal change circuit and refresh operation circuit may each be included in a refresh control circuit.
Abstract:
A steering column support mounting bracket for an automobile which can increase the strength by reducing the weight of the steering column support mounting bracket and decreases the number of parts by pivotally coupling a brake pedal unit to a lower portion thereof. The steering column support mounting bracket includes a supporting plate which is coupled to a predetermined position of a cowl cross bar and is made of a plastic material and a reinforcing plate which is coupled to one side of the supporting plate and is made of a steel material so as to increase the strength of the supporting plate. A brake pedal unit is pivotally connected to a lower portion of the mounting bracket.