Abstract:
Processes for the production of chlorine by multi-stage oxidation, for example, by thermal reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen using catalysts or by non-thermal activated reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, in which the gas mixture formed in the reaction, comprising the target products chlorine and water, unreacted hydrogen chloride and oxygen, and possibly other secondary constituents, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, (a) is cooled to condense hydrochloric acid as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride and (b) the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride formed is separated from the gas mixture, characterised in that (c) the separated aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is fed at least partially to an electrochemical oxidation in which at least part of the hydrogen chloride is oxidised to chlorine, (d) the chlorine gas occurring in step d) is optionally added to the gas mixture occurring in step c), (e) the residues of water present in the gas mixture from steps c) and e), in particular by washing with sulfuric acid, are removed, (f) the chlorine-rich gas mixture forming is freed of oxygen and optionally of secondary constituents.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing trichlorosilane by reacting silicon with hydrogen, silicon tetrachloride and, optionally, hydrogen chloride, whereby the silicon is provided in comminuted form, and the silicon is mixed with a catalyst during comminution.
Abstract:
A holding device (1) according to the invention for a communications unit (33, 36) contains a base element (2), a carrier (7) which is pivotably articulated on the base element (2), which can be pivoted away by means of spring force from the base element (2) and onto which the communications unit (33, 36) can be pushed with its one end against stop means (110), which hold the communications unit (33, 36), and a locking device (27), which is present on the base element (2) in order to lock the other end of the communications unit (33, 36) when the carrier (7) is pivoted towards the base element (2), the locking device (27) pressing the communications unit (33, 36) against the stop means (110).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkyl halosilanes by reacting a contact material which comprises, in addition to silicon, at least one copper-containing compound as catalyst and at least one promoter, with an alkyl halide.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing alkali chromates by the reacting of chromium ore with alkali compounds and oxidation in an atmosphere containing at least 50% oxygen is described, in which the mixture consisting of chromium ore, alkali compound and optionally leaning materials is heated in a first stage in an atmosphere containing not more than 5 vol. % oxygen to a temperature between 1000.degree. and 1 400.degree. C., and in a second stage is oxidized at a lower temperature of 900.degree. to 1 070.degree. C. with supply of an atmosphere containing at least 50% oxygen.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, their use as waterproofing or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the production of perfluoroalkylsulphonyl fluorides of the formula C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 SO.sub.2 F with n=6-10 by electrochemical fluorination of alkylsulphonyl halides of the general formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 SO.sub.2 X with n=6-10 and X=F, Cl, Br or I in hydrogen fluoride, which process is characterised in that electrodes are used which consist of nickel with a columnar structure or which are coated with nickel with a columnar structure as shown in FIG. 1.The invention also provides electrodes for the production of perfluoroalkylsulphonyl fluorides from the corresponding alkylsulphonyl halides by electrochemical fluorination in hydrogen fluoride, which electrodes are characterised in that they consist of nickel with a columnar structure or are coated with nickel with a columnar structure.
Abstract translation:本发明提供通过电化学氟化通式C n H 2n + 1 SO 2 X的烷基磺酰卤,n = 6-10和X = F,Cl,制备式C n F 2n + 1 SO 2 F的全氟烷基磺酰氟的n = 6-10的方法, Br或I在氟化氢中,其特征在于使用由具有柱状结构的镍组成的电极,或者如图1所示用柱状结构的镍涂覆的电极。 本发明还提供用于通过氟化氢中的电化学氟化从相应的烷基磺酰卤生产全氟烷基磺酰氟的电极,该电极的特征在于它们由具有柱状结构的镍组成或用柱状结构的镍涂覆。
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of alkali metal dichromates and/or chromic acid by electrolysis of alkali metal monochromate and/or alkali metal dichromate solution in electrolysis cells, the anode and cathode compartments of which are separated by cation exchange membranes, wherein the cation exchange membranes are single-layer membranes based on perfluorinated polymers having sulfonic acid groups as cation exchange groups, and an aqueous solution having a pH of 4 to 14 is produced in the cathode compartment of the cells.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of alkali metal dichromates and chromic acid by the electrolysis of monochromate and/or dichromate solutions in an electrolytic cell in which the anode and cathode chamber are separated by a cation exchanger membrane anolyte fluid containing dichromate and/or chromic acid being formed in the anode chamber and alkaline catholyte fluid containing alkali metal ions being formed in the cathode chamber, the improvement wherein the catholyte fluids are periodically replaced by a solution which is at a pH below 6.