摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The toner has a single exothermic peak measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) descending in a temperature range of from 150° C. to 0° C., wherein the exothermic peak is in a temperature range of from 40° C. to 60° C. and has a half bandwidth of at most 10° C. The release agent disperse to network form in the cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
摘要:
To provide a toner, which contains a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, wherein the binder resin contains a low molecular weight resin component, where the low molecular weight resin component has a resin softening coefficient (A), represented by the following formula (1), satisfying A>0.165, and has storage elastic modulus (dyne/cm2) G′(Tfb) satisfying G′(Tfb)≦1×104 where Tfb is a flow onset temperature (° C.) of the low molecular weight resin component as measured by a capillary rheometer: A=|[ln G′(r1)−ln G′(r2)]/(T1−T2)| Formula (1) (where T1 is temperature (° C.) at which storage elastic modulus G′(r1) is 1×105 (dyne/cm2) and T2 is temperature (° C.) at which storage elastic modulus G′(r2) is 1×103 (dyne/cm2) as measured by means of a viscoelasticity measuring device with measuring frequency of 1 Hz, and measuring distortion of 1 deg; and ∥ represents an absolute value.)
摘要翻译:为了提供含有粘合剂树脂,着色剂和脱模剂的调色剂,其中粘合剂树脂含有低分子量树脂组分,其中低分子量树脂组分具有树脂软化系数(A),由 (1)满足A> 0.165,并且具有满足G'(Tfb)≦̸ 1×104的储能弹性模量(dyne / cm 2)G'(Tfb),其中Tfb是流动起始温度(℃) 通过毛细管流变仪测量的低分子量树脂组分:A = | [ln G'(r1)-ln G'(r2)] /(T1-T2)| 储存弹性模量G'(r1)为1×10 5(达因/ cm 2)且T2为储存弹性模量G'(℃)的温度(℃)的式(1)(其中,T1为温度(℃) r2)是通过测量频率为1Hz的粘弹性测量装置测量的1×103(dyne / cm 2),测量失真度为1度,∥表示绝对值。
摘要:
The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an a-SiC upper charge injection inhibition layer and an a-SiC surface layer, which is superior in adhesiveness, suppresses the surface deterioration, is superior in sensitivity characteristics and charging characteristics, and can keep an adequate image-forming capability for a long period of time. The upper charge injection inhibition layer contains 10 atom ppm or more and 30,000 atom ppm or less of the Group 13 atoms or the Group 15 atoms of the Periodic Table with respect to silicon atoms in the upper charge injection inhibition layer, and the ratio (C/(Si+C)) of the number of carbon atoms in the upper charge injection inhibition layer with respect to the sum of the number of silicon atoms and the number of the carbon atoms in the upper charge injection inhibition layer is 0.10 or more and 0.60 or less; and the sum of the atom density of the silicon atoms and the atom density of the carbon atoms in the surface layer is 6.60×1022 atoms/cm3 or more, and the ratio (C/(Si+C)) of the number of carbon atoms with respect to the sum of the number of silicon atoms and the number of the carbon atoms in the surface layer is 0.61 or more and 0.75 or less.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a compound having a structure analogous to firefly luciferin. In particular, the invention relates to a heterocycle compound which produces a luminescence at a light wavelength different from that of firefly luciferin in nature. The present invention provides a heterocycle compound of following general formula I. In the above general formula, R1, R2 and R3 can be each independently H or C1-4-alky. In the above general formula, X and Y can be each independently C, N, S or O. In the above general formula, the olefin chain part expressed as “n” can be changed to desired length.
摘要:
There is provided a hard-coated film that includes a thermoplastic film and a hard coat layer placed thereon, has high surface hardness, is prevented from forming interference iris patterns, does not reduce image sharpness when used for antireflection films, and is prevented from causing screen glittering, external light reflection, or coloration irregularity of reflected light. The hard-coated film includes a polyester film and a hard coat layer placed on at least one side of the polyester film, wherein the hard coat layer has a surface with irregularities, an interface between the polyester film and the hard coat layer has irregularities, and the surface of the hard coat layer has 3D surface roughness parameters including an arithmetical mean deviation of surface Sa of from 15 nm to less than 150 nm and a kurtosis of surface height distribution Sku of from 1.5 to 5.
摘要:
A toner, including at least a binder resin; a colorant; and a modified layered inorganic mineral in which at least a part of ions between the layers are modified with an organic material ion, wherein the toner includes at least one external additive having an average primary particle diameter of from 80 to 180 nm and an aspect ratio of from 0.7 to 0.95.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member to bear a latent electrostatic image, a charging member to charge a surface of the image bearing member, an irradiation member to irradiate the image bearing member to write the latent electrostatic image, a development member to develop the latent electrostatic image with a toner to form a visualized image, a transfer device to transfer the visualized image directly or via an intermediate transfer body to a recording medium, a fixing device to fix the transferred image transferred on the recording medium and a cleaning device to remove residual toner remaining on the image bearing member. In the image forming apparatus, the cleaning device includes an elastic member having a blade forming a front end which is in contact with the image bearing member at a pressure of from 2 to 6 MPa and the toner is granulated in an aqueous phase and contains a laminar inorganic mineral having ions between layers at least part of which is modified by an organic ion and an average of a form factor SF-1 of the toner is from 130 to 160.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearer; a charging device charging the image bearer; a light irradiating device irradiating the charged image bearer with light to form an electrostatic image; a developing device developing the electrostatic image with a developer including a toner to form a toner image on the image bearer; a transfer device transferring the toner image; and a cleaning device cleaning the image bearer, wherein the volume average particle diameter of the toner is greater than 5.0 μm and less than 5.5 μm, the content of toner particles having a particle diameter of not greater than 4.0 μm is not higher than 20% by number, the ratio of the first shape factor SF-1 to the second shape factor SF-2 is from 1.00 to 1.15, and the content of toner particles having a SF-2 of not less than 115 is not less than 67.8% by number.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided minimizing the absorption of image exposure having a short wavelength in a surface layer and keeping good electrophotographic properties including resolving power. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer and a surface region layer sequentially superimposed on the conductive substrate. The surface region layer is composed of a non-single-crystal silicon nitride film containing an Group element in the periodic table and a carbon atom and using at least a silicon atom and a nitrogen atom as base materials. In the surface region layer, the Group 13 element content with respect to the total amount of constituent atoms has distribution having at least two local maximum values in the thickness direction, and an the average concentration of nitrogen atoms is 30 atm % to 70 atm %.
摘要:
A soundproof engine-driven operating machine has a small installation area, is easy to assemble and disassemble, and has superior cooling effects. The soundproof engine-driven operating machine includes an engine, an operating machine main body that is driven by the engine, a base frame that supports the engine and the operating machine main body in a vibration-proof structure, and a case fitted to the base frame and accommodating the engine and the operating machine main body. One part of the case includes a first-story chamber accommodating the engine and the operating machine main body, first and second heat exchangers, each having a cooling fan and being arranged above the first-story chamber, the first and second heat exchangers performing heat conversion relating to the operation of the engine by using the cooling fans, arranged separately in a ventilation path, and a second-story chamber accommodating a muffler for discharging engine air. The part of the case is formed from a structural frame that is provided on the base frame. A cover is secured to the base frame, and covers the entire structural frame.