摘要:
The present invention relates to an improvement to cryogenic air separation processes which produce an ultra-high purity oxygen product and nitrogen and/or commercial purity oxygen products. In particular, the improvement of the present invention is characterized by removing a portion of liquid descending the distillation column system from the distillation section proximate to the location for withdrawing the oxygen-containing side-draw stream.
摘要:
A fluid mixture is separated by distillation in a two column system in which the feed is prefractionated in a first column having at least one separation stage above the feed and the prefractionator bottoms provides feed to a second column operating at a lower pressure. Cooling for condensing the overhead vapor of the first column is provided by heat exchange with flashed prefractionator bottoms or with an intermediate fluid in the second column. The two-column system is readily combined with a high pressure column in a three-column distillation system for separating air which is particularly useful for integration with a gasification combined cycle combustion turbine system. Optionally, three nitrogen products can be produced at three different pressures.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an improvement for the production of argon from cyrogenic air separation processes. In particular, the improvement comprises satisfying a portion of the crude argon column condensing duty with refrigeration provided from the vaporization of a portion of the liquid oxygen from the bottom of the low pressure column.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an improvement to a cryogenic process for the separation of air into its constituent components. In the process, a distillation column system having at least two distillation columns, a high pressure distillation column and a low pressure column is used; these two distillation columns are in thermal communication with each other. The low pressure column of the distillation column system operates at a pressure between 9 to 75 psig and a nitrogen product is produced from the top section thereof. At least 50% of the air to the distillation column system is removed as this nitrogen product, which has a nitrogen concentration of at least 95% and is at a pressure of at least 9 psig.The improvement to the process is a series of steps which allows for the production of liquid products from the cryogenic process in an efficient manner. These steps are primarily the partial warming of the nitrogen product, its subsequent isentropic expansion and use of the inherent refrigeration of the expanded nitrogen. These steps can be carried out in three ways.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the liquefaction of a nitrogen stream produced by separating air components, by using the combination of cryogenic distillation with improved refrigeration. Very cold liquefied natural gas (LNG) is employed as refrigerant, with the LNG currently being revaporized for transportation.Multi-stage component compression is used, with the component feed to each compression stage being precooled using sequential refrigeration from the LNG. Expander means for the coldest air component product stream provides supplemental refrigeration at the cold end beyond that which is available from the refrigerant LNG.In a preferred embodiment, the feed nitrogen stream(s) are compressed to at least 300 psi in a multi-stage compressor with interstage cooling provided by heat exchange against vaporizing LNG; the resulting compressed stream is directed into first and second nitrogen substreams, followed by further cooling of the first substream by heat exchange against vaporizing LNG and then expanding the cooled first substream to produce an expanded nitrogen substream. Condensing of the second compressed substream against both vaporizing LNG and the expanded nitrogen substream is carried out. Reducing the pressure of the condensed second nitrogen substream produces a two phase nitrogen stream. Phase separation yields a recyclable nitrogen vapor stream and a liquid nitrogen stream as product.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the production of kryton and xenon by using a vapor stream containing greater than 2% oxygen to strip a liquid stream containing oxygen, krypton, methane and xenon of methane. This is accomplished by properly adjusting the liquid to vapor flows in the distillation column. The use of a suitable reflux liquid will decrease the loss of krypton and xenon in the methane laden vapor stream leaving the distillation system.
摘要:
The present invention involves an efficient process for separating components of a gas stream by integrating a cryogenic separation unit and a membrane separation unit. One embodiment provides for the generation of one or more nitrogen-rich streams in the gas or liquid phase, or both, from a stream comprising oxygen and nitrogen; e.g., air.
摘要:
A photovoltaic system for generating electrical power on farmland while minimizing reduction of solar radiation incident on ground due to shadowing, including a photovoltaic module having a first photovoltaic face defining a first plane, a normal axis extending from the first plane, a first pivot axis extending through the photovoltaic module, a second pivot axis extending through the photovoltaic module, at least one motor operationally connected to pivot the photovoltaic module about at least one pivot axis, and an electronic controller operationally connected to at least one motor. An incident solar ray strikes the photovoltaic module at an angle of incidence defined as an intersection of the incident solar ray and the normal axis. The electronic controller sends signals to the at least one motor to maintain the angle of incidence as close as possible to ninety degrees.
摘要:
Techniques are disclosed herein for providing a custom search engine. In one aspect, a first search query is received from a requestor. First search results contain search result items that match the first search query are obtained. A least one sub-query is generated from the first search results. The generating is based on rules for a particular custom search engine. Second search results that match the sub-query are then obtained. A search result set is formed from a corpus that includes the first search results and the second search results. The generating of the search result set is based on the rules for the particular custom search engine. The search result set is provided to the requester. In one aspect an interface for designing a custom search engine is provided. The interface allows the designer to specify the layout of a search results page.
摘要:
Nanoparticle compositions and methods for synthesizing multinary chalcogenide CZTSSe nanoparticles containing Cu, Zn, and Sn in combination with S, Se or both are described. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into one or more ink solutions alone or in combination with other chalcogenide-based particles to make thin films useful for photovoltaic applications, including thin films from multilayer particle films having a composition profile. The composition and stoichiometry of the thin films may be further modified by subjecting the particle films to gas or liquid phase chalcogen exchange reactions.