摘要:
A combustion process wherein a fuel, a comburent and component A) are fed to a combustor, component A), comprising low-melting salts and/or oxides having a melting temperature ≦1,450 K, the ratio by moles A′/(A″−A′)≧0.01, being: A′ the sum by moles between the amount of metals, under the form of low-melting salts and/or low-melting oxides present in the component A) and the amount of metals under the form of the low-melting salts and/or low-melting oxides or their low-melting mixtures, contained in the fuel, A″ is the sum of the amount of all the metals contained in the fuel and of those contained in component A), in which the combustor is isothermal type and flameless.
摘要:
A combustion process wherein a comburent, a fuel and the following components are fed: i) component B) sulphur or compounds containing sulphur in an amount to have a molar ration B1/C1≧0.5, wherein B1 is the sum by moles between the total amount of sulphur present in component B)+the total amount of sulphur (component B11)) contained in the fuel, C1 is the sum by moles between the total amount of alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals contained in the fuel (component C11))+the amount (component C)) of alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals in the form of salts and/or oxides contained in component B), ii) component A), comprising low-melting salts and/or oxides or their mixtures, having a melting temperature
摘要:
There is disclosed a fuel additive composition including at least one of: i) a particle(s) or nanoparticle(s) of oxide(s), hydroxide(s), hydrate(s), and/or carbonate(s) selected from the group consisting of: Al, Sb, Mg, Fe, Mo, Zn, Sn, B, Bi, Ca, Li, Na, K, Ba, Mn, Si, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Ti, Ce, and V; and ii) an alloy(s) or nanoalloy(s) containing two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Sb, Mg, Fe, Mo, Zn, Sn, B, Bi, Ca, Li, Na, K, Ba, Mn, Si, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Ti, Ce, and V; wherein at least one of the i) particles or nanoparticles and ii) alloys or nanoalloys can be capped with at least one iii) flame retardant material. The fuel additive composition can modulate fuel combustion.
摘要:
A method and system are disclosed that enable an automatic regulation of a vanadium inhibitor in a fuel of a gas turbine. In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining an indication as to whether an additional inhibitor is required in the fuel of the gas turbine based on an amount of vanadium and an inhibitor in the fuel of the gas turbine, in response to the indication that the additional inhibitor is required, having an inhibitor control system automatically instructing an injector to inject the additional inhibitor into the fuel of the gas turbine to inhibit the vanadium.
摘要:
A simple method is disclosed to produce oil soluble nano particle size additives with significantly higher flash points to improve the safety aspects of these products especially when used in, around, and near high temperature combustion equipment.
摘要:
The invention provides a method of controlling by-products or pollutants from fuel combustion, comprising corn-busting a fuel containing a dispersion, the dispersion comprises: (a) a mixture of at least two metal bases, wherein each metal of the metal bases has an average oxidation state of (+2) or higher, (b) at least one surfactant; and (c) at least one organic medium, wherein the metal bases are uniformly dispersed in the organic medium.
摘要:
An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions.
摘要:
An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions. The content of EG or CO2 in DF can be controlled as a function of engine operating parameters such as rpm and load. The thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical DF-EG or DF-CO2 compositions can be more easily tuned and controlled than subcritical two-phase compositions. Delivery of the DF-EG or DF-CO2 composition into the combustion chamber as a homogeneous isotropic single-phase composition provides a significant increase in engine efficiency. Combustion process and fuel system embodiments of the invention provide an improved composition process with reduced formation of particulate matter (PM), aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CO, NOx, and SOx.
摘要:
A method of preparing fuel pellets includes the steps of providing a feedstock in the form of agricultural hull fibres having a moisture content of about 10 to about 16%; and compressing and extruding the agricultural fibre feedstock through a die to obtain fuel pellets in the form of small cylinders having a diameter of about ⅜ inch to ¾ inch or more, said pellets having an ash content of about 1.1% to about 20% by weight and a calorific value of about 7,000 BTUs per pound of fuel on a dry basis. The agricultural hull fibres may be derived from all whole grains and seeds. For example, are comprised of at least one of corn bran fibre, rye bran fibre; oat bran fibre, rice bran fibre, soy bran fibre, canola bran fibre and wheat bran fibre. The method may include the step of pre-treating the agricultural whole grain and seed hull fibre feedstock with high temperature steam before being formed into pellets at a sufficient temperature and sufficient time to activate hemicellulose within the fibre as a binding agent. The method may include the step of mixing the agricultural whole grain and seed hull fibre feedstock with a sequestering agent before being formed into pellets for sequestering alkali metal vapors and raising the fusion point of the inorganic elements during combustion of the pellets. The sequestering agent may be calcium carbonate added in amounts up to about 0.5% by weight. The pellets contain additives comprised of ammonium nitrate, calcium, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, barium, iron, potassium and amorphous silicate, which sequester potassium and chlorides and alter the fusion point of the inorganic elements present in the fuel.
摘要:
A fuel composition for a fuel cell includes at least one primary fuel that produces protons and electrons, and at least one peroxide. As an example, the primary fuel may be at least one aqueous solution containing methanol, ethanol, or formic acid. When the fuel composition is used, the catalytic activity can increase, and thus a fuel cell having improved performance can be manufactured.