COMBUSTION PROCESS
    92.
    发明申请
    COMBUSTION PROCESS 有权
    燃烧过程

    公开(公告)号:US20100248168A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-09-30

    申请号:US12744613

    申请日:2008-11-27

    IPC分类号: F23B90/00

    摘要: A combustion process wherein a comburent, a fuel and the following components are fed: i) component B) sulphur or compounds containing sulphur in an amount to have a molar ration B1/C1≧0.5, wherein B1 is the sum by moles between the total amount of sulphur present in component B)+the total amount of sulphur (component B11)) contained in the fuel, C1 is the sum by moles between the total amount of alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals contained in the fuel (component C11))+the amount (component C)) of alkaline and/or alkaline-earth metals in the form of salts and/or oxides contained in component B), ii) component A), comprising low-melting salts and/or oxides or their mixtures, having a melting temperature

    摘要翻译: 一种燃烧方法,其中加入燃料,燃料和以下组分:i)组分B)硫或硫含量为摩尔比B1 /C1≥0.5的化合物,其中B1是总量之和之和 组分B中存在的硫的量+燃料中所含的硫(组分B11)的总量,C1是燃料中所含的碱性和/或碱土金属的总量之和(组分C11 ))+组分B)中所含的盐和/或氧化物形式的碱金属和/或碱土金属的量(组分C)),ii)组分A),其包含低熔点盐和/或氧化物或 它们的混合物,其熔融温度<1,450K,其中重量比A'/(A“-A')&nlE; 1:100,其中A'是低熔点形式的金属之间的摩尔数之和 盐和/或氧化物或其组分A)中的低熔点混合物和低熔点盐和/或氧化物的金属量 在燃料中,A“是燃料中包含的所有金属的量和组分A)中所含的金属的总和,其中燃烧器是等温和无焰的。

    MODULATION OF COMBUSTION RATES IN FUELS
    93.
    发明申请
    MODULATION OF COMBUSTION RATES IN FUELS 审中-公开
    燃料燃烧率的调节

    公开(公告)号:US20100212221A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-08-26

    申请号:US12393620

    申请日:2009-02-26

    申请人: ALLEN A. ARADI

    发明人: ALLEN A. ARADI

    IPC分类号: C10L5/00

    摘要: There is disclosed a fuel additive composition including at least one of: i) a particle(s) or nanoparticle(s) of oxide(s), hydroxide(s), hydrate(s), and/or carbonate(s) selected from the group consisting of: Al, Sb, Mg, Fe, Mo, Zn, Sn, B, Bi, Ca, Li, Na, K, Ba, Mn, Si, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Ti, Ce, and V; and ii) an alloy(s) or nanoalloy(s) containing two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Sb, Mg, Fe, Mo, Zn, Sn, B, Bi, Ca, Li, Na, K, Ba, Mn, Si, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Ti, Ce, and V; wherein at least one of the i) particles or nanoparticles and ii) alloys or nanoalloys can be capped with at least one iii) flame retardant material. The fuel additive composition can modulate fuel combustion.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种燃料添加剂组合物,其包括以下中的至少一种:i)选自以下的至少一种或多种氧化物,一种或多种氢氧化物,水合物和/或碳酸盐的颗粒或纳米颗粒: 由Al,Sb,Mg,Fe,Mo,Zn,Sn,B,Bi,Ca,Li,Na,K,Ba,Mn,Si,Cu,Cd,Co,Ni,Cr,Ti,Ce组成的组 ,和V; 以及ii)含有选自Al,Sb,Mg,Fe,Mo,Zn,Sn,B,Bi,Ca,Li,Na,K中的两种以上的金属的合金或纳米合金, Ba,Mn,Si,Cu,Cd,Co,Ni,Cr,Ti,Ce和V; 其中所述i)颗粒或纳米颗粒中的至少一种和ii)合金或纳米合金可以用至少一种iii)阻燃材料覆盖。 燃料添加剂组合物可以调节燃料燃烧。

    REGULATING VANADIUM INHIBITOR IN A GAS TURBINE
    94.
    发明申请
    REGULATING VANADIUM INHIBITOR IN A GAS TURBINE 有权
    在气体涡轮机中调节VANADIUM抑制剂

    公开(公告)号:US20100199546A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-08-12

    申请号:US12368381

    申请日:2009-02-10

    申请人: Paul Gilmurray

    发明人: Paul Gilmurray

    IPC分类号: C10L1/10

    摘要: A method and system are disclosed that enable an automatic regulation of a vanadium inhibitor in a fuel of a gas turbine. In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining an indication as to whether an additional inhibitor is required in the fuel of the gas turbine based on an amount of vanadium and an inhibitor in the fuel of the gas turbine, in response to the indication that the additional inhibitor is required, having an inhibitor control system automatically instructing an injector to inject the additional inhibitor into the fuel of the gas turbine to inhibit the vanadium.

    摘要翻译: 公开了能够在燃气轮机的燃料中自动调节钒抑制剂的方法和系统。 在一个实施方案中,该方法包括基于燃气轮机的燃料中的钒和抑制剂的量来获得关于燃气轮机的燃料中是否需要附加抑制剂的指示,以响应于附加 需要抑制剂,具有抑制剂控制系统自动指示注射器将附加的抑制剂注入到燃气轮机的燃料中以抑制钒。

    SUPERCRITICAL DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION, COMBUSTION PROCESS AND FUEL SYSTEM
    97.
    发明申请
    SUPERCRITICAL DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION, COMBUSTION PROCESS AND FUEL SYSTEM 有权
    超临界柴油燃料组合物,燃烧过程和燃料系统

    公开(公告)号:US20090183423A1

    公开(公告)日:2009-07-23

    申请号:US12368062

    申请日:2009-02-09

    IPC分类号: C10L1/12

    摘要: An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions.

    摘要翻译: 本发明的一个实施方案是具有废气(EG)混合物或与液体CO 2的柴油,生物柴油或混合燃料(DF)的组合物。 组合物在超临界区域附近处于液体状态或超临界流体混合物,使得其在燃烧室中注射时准确地扩散成压缩和热空气中的单一且均匀的超临界相。 合适的温度和压力大于约300℃和100巴,并且DF中的EG或CO 2(XEG或XCO 2)的摩尔分数在0.0-0.9的范围内。 在燃烧过程实施例中,组合物实施例在超临界条件下被注入到燃烧室中。

    Supercritical diesel fuel composition, combustion process and fuel system
    98.
    发明授权
    Supercritical diesel fuel composition, combustion process and fuel system 有权
    超临界柴油燃料组成,燃烧过程和燃油系统

    公开(公告)号:US07488357B2

    公开(公告)日:2009-02-10

    申请号:US10997272

    申请日:2004-11-24

    IPC分类号: C10L1/12

    摘要: An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions. The content of EG or CO2 in DF can be controlled as a function of engine operating parameters such as rpm and load. The thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical DF-EG or DF-CO2 compositions can be more easily tuned and controlled than subcritical two-phase compositions. Delivery of the DF-EG or DF-CO2 composition into the combustion chamber as a homogeneous isotropic single-phase composition provides a significant increase in engine efficiency. Combustion process and fuel system embodiments of the invention provide an improved composition process with reduced formation of particulate matter (PM), aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CO, NOx, and SOx.

    摘要翻译: 本发明的一个实施方案是具有废气(EG)混合物或与液体CO 2的柴油,生物柴油或混合燃料(DF)的组合物。 组合物在超临界区域附近处于液体状态或超临界流体混合物,使得其在燃烧室中注射时准确地扩散成压缩和热空气中的单一且均匀的超临界相。 合适的温度和压力大于约300℃和100巴,并且DF中的EG或CO 2(XEG或XCO 2)的摩尔分数在0.0-0.9的范围内。 在燃烧过程实施例中,组合物实施例在超临界条件下被注入到燃烧室中。 DF中的EG或CO2的含量可以根据发动机运行参数(如转速和负载)进行控制。 超临界DF-EG或DF-CO2组合物的热力学和传输性能比亚临界两相组合物更容易调节和控制。 将DF-EG或DF-CO2组合物作为均相各向同性单相组合物输送到燃烧室中,显着提高发动机效率。 本发明的燃烧方法和燃料系统实施方案提供了一种改进的组合方法,其中颗粒物质(PM),醛,多芳族烃(PAH),CO,NO x和SO x的形成减少。

    Agricultural fibre fuel pellets
    99.
    发明申请
    Agricultural fibre fuel pellets 有权
    农用纤维燃料颗粒

    公开(公告)号:US20080172933A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-07-24

    申请号:US11985564

    申请日:2007-11-15

    IPC分类号: C10L5/40

    摘要: A method of preparing fuel pellets includes the steps of providing a feedstock in the form of agricultural hull fibres having a moisture content of about 10 to about 16%; and compressing and extruding the agricultural fibre feedstock through a die to obtain fuel pellets in the form of small cylinders having a diameter of about ⅜ inch to ¾ inch or more, said pellets having an ash content of about 1.1% to about 20% by weight and a calorific value of about 7,000 BTUs per pound of fuel on a dry basis. The agricultural hull fibres may be derived from all whole grains and seeds. For example, are comprised of at least one of corn bran fibre, rye bran fibre; oat bran fibre, rice bran fibre, soy bran fibre, canola bran fibre and wheat bran fibre. The method may include the step of pre-treating the agricultural whole grain and seed hull fibre feedstock with high temperature steam before being formed into pellets at a sufficient temperature and sufficient time to activate hemicellulose within the fibre as a binding agent. The method may include the step of mixing the agricultural whole grain and seed hull fibre feedstock with a sequestering agent before being formed into pellets for sequestering alkali metal vapors and raising the fusion point of the inorganic elements during combustion of the pellets. The sequestering agent may be calcium carbonate added in amounts up to about 0.5% by weight. The pellets contain additives comprised of ammonium nitrate, calcium, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, barium, iron, potassium and amorphous silicate, which sequester potassium and chlorides and alter the fusion point of the inorganic elements present in the fuel.

    摘要翻译: 一种制备燃料颗粒的方法包括以下步骤:提供水分含量为约10至约16%的农用船体纤维形式的原料; 并且通过模具压缩和挤出农业纤维原料以获得直径为约3/8英寸至3/4英寸或更大的小圆筒形式的燃料颗粒,所述颗粒的灰分含量为约1.1%至约20% 以及干重的每磅燃料约7,000BTU的热值。 农用船体纤维可以衍生自全谷物和种子。 例如,由玉米糠纤维,黑麦麸纤维中的至少一种, 燕麦糠纤维,米糠纤维,大豆糠纤维,卡诺拉麸皮纤维和麦麸纤维。 该方法可以包括在足够的温度和足够的时间在形成丸粒之前用高温蒸汽预处理农业全粒和种皮纤维原料以活化纤维内的半纤维素作为粘合剂的步骤。 该方法可以包括在形成用于螯合碱金属蒸气的颗粒和提高颗粒燃烧期间无机元素的熔点的同时,将农业全粒和种皮纤维原料与多价螯合剂混合的步骤。 螯合剂可以以高达约0.5重量%的量加入碳酸钙。 颗粒含有由硝酸铵,钙,锰,镁,铝,钡,铁,钾和无定形硅酸盐组成的添加剂,其螯合了钾和氯化物,并改变了存在于燃料中的无机元素的熔点。