摘要:
An optical near field probe of high resolution and high efficiency is disclosed. A near field light is generated using a tapered, plane scatterer formed on a substrate surface. The intensity of the near field light is enhanced by making the area of the scatterer smaller than that of a light spot and by selecting the material, shape, and size of the scatterer so as to generate plasmon resonance. An optical near field generator having a high light utilization efficiency can be obtained.
摘要:
A high-quality optical compensator for use in liquid crystal display elements can be prepared from a film comprising an end unit modified liquid crystalline polymer which has a monofunctional structural unit and which exhibits an optically positive uniaxiality, and, as needed, a liquid crystalline polymer which has a logarithmic viscosity at least 0.01 dl/g higher than that of the end unit modified liquid crystalline polymer and a glass transition point at least 5° C. higher than that of the end unit modified liquid crystalline polymer and which exhibits an optically positive uniaxiality, wherein a nematic hybrid orientation which is formed in the liquid crystal state is immobilized.
摘要:
In a digital broadcasting signal receiving/recording/reproducing apparatus, a recorded program can be immediately reproduced without performing complicated operations. Only a desired program and information related to the desired program are separated to be extracted from the digital broadcasting signal. Then, the separated/extracted broadcasting signal is supplied to a recording/reproducing apparatus. In the recording/reproducing apparatus, the supplied broadcasting signal is recorded, and the recorded program can be immediately reproduced without complicated manipulating operations during the signal reproducing operation.
摘要:
A liquid crystal display device having improved and broadened viewing angle characteristics. The device includes a liquid crystal cell of the twisted nematic type for driving sandwiched by a pair of upper and lower polarizing plates in which at least one compensating film is inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the upper polarizing plate or between the liquid crystal cell and the lower polarizing plate. Alternatively, two compensating films are respectively inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the upper polarizing plate and between the liquid crystal cell and the lower polarizing plate. The compensating film consists essentially of a liquid crystalline polymer showing optically a positive uniaxiality, the liquid crystalline polymer being fixed in a nematic hybrid orientational order. The device is further characterized by an angle between a tilt direction of the compensating film and a pretilt direction on a liquid crystal cell substrate opposed to a substrate for the liquid crystal cell for driving closest to the compensating film in the range of 165.degree. and 195.degree. C.
摘要翻译:一种液晶显示装置,其具有改进的和加宽的视角特性。 该装置包括扭转向列型的液晶单元,用于驱动夹在一对上下偏振板之间,其中至少一个补偿膜插入在液晶单元和上偏振板之间或液晶单元与 下偏振片。 或者,两个补偿膜分别插入在液晶单元和上偏振板之间以及液晶单元和下偏振板之间。 补偿膜基本上由液晶聚合物基本上由光学上显示正单轴性组成,液晶聚合物以向列混合取向顺序固定。 该装置的特征还在于,补偿膜的倾斜方向与液晶单元基板的与用于最靠近补偿膜驱动的液晶单元的基板相对的165°和195°范围内的倾斜方向之间的角度 DEG C.
摘要:
A method for detecting a misfire by fluctuation in crankshaft rotation in which the occurrence of a misfire can be detected exactly by eliminating the effect of detection error in detecting the fluctuation in crankshaft rotation, caused by the error in the construction of a crank angle sensor. By succeedingly receiving pulses from the crank angle sensor, a processor detects a time interval taken from the entering into a crankshaft rotation angle region, relating to a cylinder corresponding to both pulses, to the leaving therefrom (S2), calculates the crankshaft angular acceleration D.omega..sub.n by using the correction factor calculated on the basis of the above detected time interval, and the time interval determined by dividing the time taken for one rotation of the crankshaft by the number of cylinders (S3, S4), the latter interval being free from sensor error, and detects the occurrence of a misfire when the calculated value D.omega..sub.n is less than the decision value (S5 through S7).
摘要:
A deterioration diagnostic apparatus for a three-way catalyst includes an electronic control unit, which obtains a frequency of reversals of the changing direction in which the output of an upstream-side O.sub.2 sensor changes, based on the number of times the output voltage of the O.sub.2 sensor crosses a threshold. Also, the control unit obtains a frequency of reversals of the changing direction in which the output of a downstream-side O.sub.2 sensor changes, based on the number of times the output voltage of the downstream-side O.sub.2 sensor crosses upper and lower reversal reference values which are obtained by adding and subtracting a hysteresis constant to and from an average value of input values of the downstream-side O.sub.2 sensor output voltage. The control unit further obtains the ratio of the reversal frequency of the downstream-side sensor output to the reversal frequency of the upstream-side sensor output, and diagnoses deterioration of the three-way catalyst when the reversal frequency ratio has become greater than a predetermined value.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a heat insulating door wall structure for use in a refrigerator or the like. By constituting the surface of the door with a colored glass plate or the like having a transparent layer at its front surface and a colored layer at its reverse surface, a deep luster is provided by the transparent glass plate located before the colored layer. Owing to high rigidity of the glass plate, undulations that may be formed on the front surface of the door by contraction of a heat insulating material filled through expansion or foaming, or by warping of the door due to temperature differences between the exterior and interior of the door are advantageously prevented. Moreover, by increasing the strength of the door, reinforcing members of the door can be dispensed with, for a simple construction and a reduction in cost.
摘要:
A method for determining a failure of an exhaust gas recalculation (EGR) apparatus in which a failure of the EGR apparatus is determined by determining whether a difference between an intake manifold pressure developed when an EGR valve is open and that developed when the EGR valve is closed falls within a specified range, the EGR valve being temporarily opened and closed while failure determination is being implemented. The failure determination is aborted so as to prevent erroneous determination, if a variation of the engine speed exceeds a specified value during the failure determination, or if a variation of the opening degree of an idling speed control (ISC) valve, disposed in a bypass passage installed in an intake passage of an engine in a manner bypassing a throttle valve, exceeds a specified value during the failure determination, or if a fuel control mode changes during the failure determination. Alternatively, to prevent erroneous determination, an intake manifold pressure difference is corrected in accordance with a variation of the engine speed or a variation of the ISC valve opening degree during the failure determination, or the ISC valve opening degree is fixed during the failure determination.
摘要:
A misfire detection method based on fluctuation in crankshaft rotation, in which a time interval required for the crankshaft to rotate over an angle region associated with a cylinder checked for misfire is detected in response to pulses supplied from a crank angle sensor having vanes. Next, a deviation of the crankshaft angular acceleration D .omega..sub.n, calculated based on the thus detected time interval and corresponding to the cylinder checked for misfire, from the angular acceleration D .omega..sub.n-3, corresponding to a cylinder belonging to the cylinder group to which the cylinder checked for misfire belongs, is compared with a determination value, and an occurrence/absence of misfire is detected in accordance with a result of the comparison. By using the deviation between the angular acceleration values calculated based on the time intervals detected through the use of the same vane, the bad effect of structural errors of the vanes is canceled, to thereby prevent erroneous misfire detection caused by the vane errors.
摘要:
An information processing apparatus includes a login screen display processing unit that causes a display device to display a login screen for enabling a request for login to an online shopping service that sells the consumables through a network to be made; a login request transmitting unit transmits the request for login to the online shopping service based on authentication information input through the login screen; a model identification information transmitting unit transmits model identification information for identifying a model of the information processing apparatus; and a screen display processing unit that, in response to a response to the login request, causes the display device to display a screen for enabling use of the online shopping service. The screen display processing unit displays, as articles to be sold, consumables extracted based on the transmitted model identification information from the consumables being sold by the online shopping service.