摘要:
Drilling fluids are provided that comprise an organophilic clay treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant having an amide linkage. The quaternary ammonium surfactant may comprise a compound generally represented by the following formula: where M− is an anion such as a chloride, methyl sulfate, bromide, acetate, or iodide ion; R1 is an alkyl group such as a saturated hydrocarbon with 10 or more carbons; R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different alkyl groups such as a methyl, ethyl, or benzyl group, and x is greater than or equal to 1. The organophilic clay treated in this manner is substantially biodegradable. In embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an oil-based fluid and a weighting agent. In still embodiments, the drilling fluids comprise the foregoing organophilic clay, an invert emulsion, an emulsifier, and a weighting agent.
摘要翻译:提供钻井液,其包含用具有酰胺键的季铵表面活性剂处理的亲有机物质粘土。 季铵表面活性剂可以包含通常由下式表示的化合物:其中M是阴离子,例如氯化物,甲基硫酸盐,溴化物,乙酸盐或碘离子; R 1是具有10个或更多个碳的饱和烃的烷基; R 2,R 3和R 4是相同或不同的烷基,例如甲基,乙基或苄基,x 大于或等于1.以这种方式处理的有机粘土基本上是可生物降解的。 在实施方案中,钻井流体包括前述亲有机粘土,油基流体和加重剂。 在仍然的实施方案中,钻井流体包括前述亲有机粘土,反相乳液,乳化剂和加重剂。
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a method of making xylene isomers. More specifically, the method includes contacting a C9 aromatics-comprising feed with a catalyst under conditions suitable for converting the feed to an intermediate product stream comprising xylene isomers, separating at least a portion of the xylene isomers from the intermediate product stream, and recycling to the feed the xylene isomers-lean intermediate product stream. Alternatively, the method of making xylene isomers includes contacting a feed comprising C9 aromatics and less than about 30 wt. % benzene, based on the total weight of the feed, with a non-sulfided, large-pore zeolite impregnated with a Group VIB metal oxide, under conditions suitable for converting the feed to a product stream comprising xylene isomers. The disclosed method is characterized by unexpectedly high ratios of xylene isomers to ethylbenzene, xylene isomers to C9 aromatics (e.g., methylethylbenzene), xylene isomers to C10 aromatics, trimethylbenzene to methylethylbenzene, benzene to ethylbenzene, in the product of the conversion, and the high conversion of C9 aromatics and methylethylbenzene.
摘要:
Processes are disclosed for production of purified products from a fluid mixtures of C8 aromatics by means of integration of perm-selective separations with purified product recovery operations. The perm-selective separations of the invention comprise of one or more devices using polymeric perm-selective membrane devices to separate a meta-xylene enriched stream from fluid mixtures of C8 aromatics thereby producing a fluid comprising the remaining aromatic compounds which advantageously includes para-xylene. Processes of the invention are particularly useful for recovery of very pure meta-xylene and para-xylene co-products from liquid mixtures even containing ethylbenzene as well as the three xylene isomers.
摘要:
A method and product is disclosed which provides emulsion stability and filtration control to invert emulsion drilling fluids. The product comprises a blend of a carboxylic acid terminated polyamide with distilled and processed tall oil fatty acids and/or distilled and processed tall oil resin acids. The product is extremely effective, even at temperatures as high as 350° F., decreasing by about two-thirds the amount of emulsifier generally required to formulate an effective drilling fluid. The product also greatly reduces and in many cases eliminates the need for conventional fluid loss additives, and additionally provides electrical stability. Moreover, the product has a pour point as low as about 20 degrees Fahrenheit with minimal solvents, thereby eliminating the need to ship large amounts of inert material for use, and may be transported in a highly active state.
摘要:
An ambulance comprises a user interface capable of displaying input and output (“I/O”) status information and a control system coupled to the user interface. The user interface is capable of displaying video images from a video camera, map information generated based on a dispatch system, and/or other information.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods of treating hypocalcemic tetany or hypoparathyroidism, the methods comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a 2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D derivative. Particularly, the present invention relates to methods of treating hypocalcemic tetany or hypoparathyroidism, the methods comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of 2-methylene-19-nor-20(S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
摘要:
According to one embodiment of the present invention an electrolyte sheet includes a body of varied thickness, the electrolyte sheet having a textured surface with multiple protruding features. The protruding features form an undercut angle with respect to the normal of the electrolyte sheet, the undercut angle being more than 0 degrees and less than 15 degrees.
摘要:
A system, method and article of manufacture are provided for generating a data request graphical user interface during project assessment. First, a request form including a plurality of fields relating to an assessment is displayed utilizing a network. Data is then received in the fields utilizing the network in response to displaying the request form. Then, the data is stored in a database. The stored data is then used in an assessment of a project.
摘要:
An oral composition, such as a paste or gel dentifrice or a liquid mouthwash, containing a substantially water insoluble non-cationic antibacterial agent, such as triclosan, which, when used to clean the teeth or rinse the mouth, acts to decrease plaque on the teeth, is packaged in a dispensing container or bottle which includes a solid polymeric material, such as polyfluoroethylene, which is compatible with the antibacterial agent so that excessive loss of anti-plaque acitivity of such agent on storage is avoided. Alternatively, various other polymers may be employed as container parts, which normally would cause excessive losses of anti-plaque action of the antibacterial agent in the composition but such action is countered by the presence of a stabilizer, such as a terpene, e.g., limonene, in the oral composition formula. Also described is a method for inhibiting development of plaque on teeth.
摘要:
A decorative wrapping film for wrapping and concealing a gift is elastic, cohesive and opaque and printed upon. Decorative features such as colors, patterns, decals, text and images are presented on a decorative side of the film. The surface of a non-decorative side has cohesive properties, i.e. tending to attach, cling or adhere to at least the decorative side of the wrapping film. The wrapping film may be wound into a roll and mounted on a hand-held dispenser or set into a box dispenser. The cohesive properties mitigate the need for adhesive tapes when wrapping gifts. The elastic properties facilitate wrapping of edges, corners and irregularly shaped objects. Further, the direction in which the wrapping film is formed to the item may be changed by stretching and bending the wrapping film.