公开(公告)号：US4675854A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-23

申请号：US656229

申请日：1984-10-01

申请人： Jurgen Lau

发明人： Jurgen Lau

IPC分类号： G01F23/292 ,  G01F23/28 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G01S7/529 ,  G01S15/10 ,  G01S9/68

CPC分类号： G01S7/529 ,  G01F23/2962 ,  Y10S367/90 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： The sonic or ultrasonic distance measuring device used for example to measure the filling level in a container comprises an electroacoustic transducer which operates alternately as transmission transducer for the transmission of sonic or ultrasonic pulses and as reception transducer for the reception of the reflected echo pulses. Connected to the transducer is a signal processing circuit which includes an amplifier with controllable gain and a threshold value discriminator. A gain control circuit controls the gain of the amplifier during a predetermined period after the start of each transmission pulse in accordance with a stored function which is fixed in accordance with the dying-down behaviour of the transducer so that the electrical signals originating from the dying-down of the transducer after amplification are smaller than the threshold value of the threshold value discriminator but are as close as possible to said threshold value. As a result the evaluation of echo pulses which occur during the dying-down of the transducer is possible.

摘要翻译： 例如，用于测量容器中的填充水平的声波或超声测距装置包括电声换能器，其交替地作为用于发送声波或超声波脉冲的传输换能器和用作接收反射回波脉冲的接收换能器。 连接到换能器的信号处理电路包括具有可控增益的放大器和阈值鉴别器。 增益控制电路根据存储的功能，在每个发送脉冲开始之后的预定时间段内控制放大器的增益，该功能根据换能器的消除行为固定，使得源自死亡的电信号 放大后的换能器的下降小于阈值鉴别器的阈值，但是尽可能接近所述阈值。 因此，可以评估在换能器的衰减期间发生的回波脉冲。

公开(公告)号：US4604904A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-12

申请号：US533989

申请日：1983-09-20

申请人： Robert Massen

发明人： Robert Massen

IPC分类号： G01F1/712 ,  G01P3/64 ,  G01P3/80 ,  G01P5/18 ,  G01F1/74

CPC分类号： G01P5/18

摘要： The sensor (20) is intended for the detection of random signals, suitable for correlative signal processing, originating from a process in motion relative to the sensor, for example a flow passing through a pipeline (1). Signals of this nature are used, in particular, for the measurement of velocity or running time. The sensor (20) is subdivided into several sensor segments (21, 22, 23, 24) in order to increase sensitivity for a given spatial frequency filter effect. In the case of a capacitive sensor, each sensor segment consists of two electrodes encompassing the pipeline (1). The sensor segments (21, 22, 23, 24) are arranged along the direction of motion according to a coding selected on the basis of the desired spatial frequency filter effect, with the introduction of gaps (25, 25, 27) which are insensitive to the characterizing parameter of the process in motion. The spatial frequency filter effect and, in particular, its limit frequency, will then correspond to that of an individual sensor segment, while the total aperture, which determines the sensitivity, is equal to the sum of the aperture segments of the sensor segments present.

摘要翻译： 传感器（20）旨在用于检测适合相关信号处理的随机信号，源自相对于传感器运动的过程，例如通过管线（1）的流。 这种信号特别用于测量速度或运行时间。 传感器（20）被细分成若干传感器段（21,22,23,24），以便增加给定空间频率滤波器效应的灵敏度。 在电容传感器的情况下，每个传感器段由包围管线（1）的两个电极组成。 传感器段（21,22,23,24）根据期望的空间频率滤波器效应选择的编码沿着运动方向布置，引入不敏感的间隙（25,25,27） 到运动过程的特征参数。 空间频率滤波器效应，特别是其极限频率将对应于单个传感器段的空间频率滤波器效应，而确定灵敏度的总孔径等于存在的传感器段的孔径段的总和。

公开(公告)号：US4594584A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-10

申请号：US656367

申请日：1984-10-01

申请人： Helmut Pfeiffer ,  Volker Dreyer ,  Martin Pfandler

发明人： Helmut Pfeiffer ,  Volker Dreyer ,  Martin Pfandler

IPC分类号： G01F23/22 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G08B21/00

CPC分类号： G01F23/2967

摘要： The device for determining and/or monitoring a predetermined filling level in a container has two oscillatory rods secured with spacing adjacent one another on a diaphragm the edge of which is connected to a screw-in part. By means of the screw-in part the device is so secured in a screw-threaded aperture of the container wall at the height of the filling level to be detected that the oscillatory rods project into the container. At the side of the diaphragm remote from the oscillatory rods a bridging member is held spaced from the diaphragm by flexurally elastic rod-shaped supports. Each of the rod shaped supports is rigidly connected at one end to an oscillatory rod. Between the bridging member and the diaphragm there is held, with preloading of the diaphragm, a transducer column comprising in a stack a piezoelectric excitation transducer and a piezoelectric reception transducer. The piezoelectric transducers are connected to one another via an amplifier in a self-excitation circuit so that the mechanical oscillatory system is excited with its natural resonance frequency. An evaluation circuit responds to changes in frequency of the oscillations and initiates indicating and/or switching operations in accordance with such frequency changes.

摘要翻译： 用于确定和/或监测容器中的预定填充水平的装置具有两个振荡杆，该振动杆的边缘彼此相邻地固定在隔膜上，该隔膜的边缘连接到螺纹部分。 通过螺纹部分，装置被固定在容器壁的螺纹孔中，在待检测的高度处，以便振荡杆伸入容器中。 在远离振荡杆的隔膜的侧面，桥接构件通过弯曲弹性的杆状支撑件与隔膜保持间隔开。 每个棒状支撑件在一端刚性地连接到振荡杆。 在桥接构件和隔膜之间，通过隔膜的预加载来保持包括压电激励换能器和压电接收换能器的换能器列。 压电传感器通过自激电路中的放大器彼此连接，使得机械振荡系统以其固有共振频率被激发。 评估电路响应振荡频率的变化，并根据这种频率变化启动指示和/或切换操作。

公开(公告)号：US4344705A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-17

申请号：US128174

申请日：1980-03-07

申请人： Gunter Kompa ,  Don J. R. Stock

发明人： Gunter Kompa ,  Don J. R. Stock

IPC分类号： G01S7/48 ,  G01S7/481 ,  G01S7/483 ,  G01S17/10 ,  H03K4/06 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01S13/10

CPC分类号： G01S17/105 ,  G01S7/4811 ,  G01S7/483

摘要： Distance measuring apparatus based on the pulse travel time method comprising a light pulse generator for generating periodic light pulses, a transmitting optical system for transmitting the light pulses, a receiving optical system for receiving the echo pulses produced by reflection of the light pulses at a target object, a photoelectric transducer for converting each echo pulse to an electrical measuring pulse, means for generating electrical reference pulses in predetermined time relationship to the transmitted light pulses, a time transformation stage operating by the sampling method and comprising a sampling pulse generator for generating periodic sampling pulses whose period is slightly different to the period of the transmitted light pulses, a first sampling circuit receiving the sampling pulses and the reference pulses and producing time-transformed reference pulses by periodically sampling a large number of successive reference pulses by means of the sampling pulses, and a second sampling circuit receiving the sampling pulses and the measuring pulses and producing time-transformed measuring pulses by periodically sampling a large number of successive measuring pulses by means of the sampling pulses, the second sampling circuit being directly connected to the output of the photoelectric transducer to receive the measuring pulses without intervening amplification, and time measuring means for measuring the time interval between corresponding edges of each time-transformed reference pulse and an associated time-transformed measuring pulse.

摘要翻译： 基于脉冲行进时间法的距离测量装置，包括用于产生周期性光脉冲的光脉冲发生器，用于发送光脉冲的发射光学系统，用于接收由目标的光脉冲反射产生的回波脉冲的接收光学系统 对象，用于将每个回波脉冲转换为电测量脉冲的光电传感器，用于产生与所发射的光脉冲以预定时间关系的电参考脉冲的装置，由采样方法操作的时间变换级，并且包括用于产生周期性的采样脉冲发生器 采样脉冲的周期与发射的光脉冲的周期略有不同，第一采样电路接收采样脉冲和参考脉冲，并通过采样采样多个连续的参考脉冲来产生时变参考脉冲 脉冲和秒 接收采样脉冲和测量脉冲并通过采样脉冲对大量连续的测量脉冲进行周期性采样产生时间变换的测量脉冲，第二采样电路直接连接到光电变换器的输出端 接收测量脉冲而没有中间放大;以及时间测量装置，用于测量每个时变参考脉冲的相应边缘与相关时间变换测量脉冲之间的时间间隔。

公开(公告)号：US4210915A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-01

申请号：US946367

申请日：1978-09-27

申请人： Karl-Heinz Kienberger ,  Don J. R. Stock

发明人： Karl-Heinz Kienberger ,  Don J. R. Stock

IPC分类号： H01Q13/02

CPC分类号： H01Q13/02 ,  H01Q1/225

摘要： A microwave antenna having an exponentially expanding horn of circular outlet cross-section. The inlet opening to the horn has a rectangular cross-section. In a transition region from the inlet opening up to the point at which the circular horn cross-section circumscribes the rectangular cross-section, each cross-section of the horn corresponds to the combination of the exponentially expanding circular cross-section and the rectangular cross-section.

摘要翻译： 具有圆形出口横截面的指数增长的喇叭的微波天线。 到喇叭的入口开口具有矩形横截面。 在从入口开口直到圆形喇叭横截面围绕矩形横截面的过渡区域中，喇叭的每个横截面对应于指数扩张的圆形横截面和矩形横截面的组合 -部分。

公开(公告)号：US5351938A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-04

申请号：US16515

申请日：1993-02-11

申请人： Frank Hegner ,  Elke Schmidt ,  Thomas Klahn ,  Peter Reimann ,  Heinz Breitenstein ,  Stephan Messmer

发明人： Frank Hegner ,  Elke Schmidt ,  Thomas Klahn ,  Peter Reimann ,  Heinz Breitenstein ,  Stephan Messmer

IPC分类号： B23K35/32 ,  B22D11/06 ,  B23K35/02 ,  B23K35/40 ,  C04B37/00 ,  C04B37/02 ,  C22C16/00 ,  C30B33/06 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G05D16/00 ,  B22D41/01

CPC分类号： G01L9/0075 ,  B22D11/0611 ,  B22D11/064 ,  B23K35/0233 ,  B23K35/32

摘要： This active brazing serves to braze ceramic parts or single crystals or metal parts or to braze ceramic parts to single crystals or ceramic parts or single crystals to metal parts. In addition to the zirconium-nickel alloy, which is composed of 70 atom % to 85 atom % zirconium and 15 atom % to 30 atom % nickel, it contains titanium. In an apparatus for fabricating a foil (6) from this ternary active-brazing alloy by melt spinning which has a uniform thickness and two surfaces that are as smooth as possible, the alloy, after being melted by high-frequency heating in a cylindrical crucible (1) made completely of a high-temperature-resistant and highly thermally conductive nonmetallic material, particularly of high-density graphite or of boron nitride, is forced through an opening (3) in the bottom of the crucible onto a metal drum (5) of high thermal conductivity rotating at a high circumferential speed, on which the liquid alloy solidifies at a cooling rate on the order of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 .degree. C./s. A product made using this ternary active brazing is a pressure sensor (10) having a substrate (12) and a diaphragm (11) of ceramic, particularly alumina ceramic, preferably with a purity of 96 wt.%, which are thermally joined around the periphery in a defined spaced relationship (d) and parallel to each other by means of the active brazing, e.g., by means of a preform (20) made therefrom, thus forming a chamber (13).

摘要翻译： 这种活性钎焊用于钎焊陶瓷部件或单晶或金属部件或将陶瓷部件钎焊到单晶或陶瓷部件或单晶到金属部件。 除了由70原子％至85原子％的锆和15原子％至30原子％的镍组成的锆 - 镍合金之外，还含有钛。 在通过熔融纺丝从均匀的厚度和两个表面尽可能平滑的熔融纺丝制造箔（6）的装置中，该合金在通过高频加热在圆柱形坩埚中熔化之后 （1）完全由高温高导热非金属材料，特别是高密度石墨或氮化硼制成，被迫穿过坩埚底部的开口（3）到金属鼓（5 ）的高导热率以高圆周速度旋转，液体合金以约103至106℃/ s的冷却速率固化。 使用这种三元活性钎焊制成的产品是压力传感器（10），其具有衬底（12）和陶瓷的隔膜（11），特别是氧化铝陶瓷，优选纯度为96重量％，它们围绕 周边以限定的间隔关系（d）并且通过活性钎焊彼此平行，例如通过由其制成的预成型件（20），从而形成腔室（13）。

公开(公告)号：US5323361A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-21

申请号：US69290

申请日：1993-05-28

申请人： Andre Elle ,  Hartmut Schmidt

发明人： Andre Elle ,  Hartmut Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01S15/10 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S7/292 ,  G01S7/527 ,  G01S15/52 ,  G01S13/08 ,  G01F23/00

CPC分类号： G01S7/527 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S15/526 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： For the measurement of distance using the pulse transit time principle the received signal produced after each transmission of a pulse is stored as an echo profile and the effective echo is determined from the stored echo profile. In order to suppress recurrent interfering signals a stationary threshold profile adapted to the measurement environment is formed and employed for each evaluation of a stored echo profile. In order to take into account fluctuations in the properties of the received echo profile rapidly without necessitating a modification in the stationary threshold profile for this, from a stored echo profile a floating threshold profile is generated in the form of a monotonously descending curve. From the mutually corresponding values of the floating threshold profile and of the stationary threshold profile the respectively larger value is utilized for the formation of a resulting threshold profile, which is employed for each evaluation of stored echo profiles.

摘要翻译： 对于使用脉冲传播时间原理的距离测量，每次发送脉冲之后产生的接收信号被存储为回波曲线，并且根据存储的回波曲线确定有效回波。 为了抑制重复的干扰信号，形成适合测量环境的稳定的阈值分布，并用于对所存储的回波分布的每个评估。 为了快速地考虑接收到的回波分布的性质的波动，而不需要对其进行稳定阈值分布的修改，从存储的回波分布中，以单调降序曲线的形式生成浮动阈值分布。 根据浮动阈值曲线和静态阈值曲线的相应对应值，分别较大的值用于形成所得到的阈值分布，其用于存储的回波分布的每个评估。

公开(公告)号：US5257210A

公开(公告)日：1993-10-26

申请号：US583820

申请日：1990-09-17

申请人： Georg Schneider ,  Richard Wagner

发明人： Georg Schneider ,  Richard Wagner

IPC分类号： G01D3/028 ,  G01D3/02 ,  G01D5/12 ,  G01D5/16 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01L9/00 ,  G06F15/332

CPC分类号： G01D3/02

摘要： The arrangement serves to process sensor signals which are furnished by a measuring sensor and by one or more further sensors. The measuring sensor generates a measuring effect which depends on a physical measured quantity to be determined and on physical disturbance quantities and each further sensor generates a measuring effect which depends substantially only on physical disturbance quantities. The arrangement includes a signal processing circuit which receives the measuring effects as input quantities. By analog processing of the sensor signals the signal processing circuit furnishes an output quantity, the ratio of which to a reference quantity in dependence upon the measuring effects forming the input quantities is governed by a transfer function defined in specific manner. The coefficients of the transfer function are adjustable for obtaining the desired transfer behavior in dependence upon the properties of the measuring sensor, the influence of the disturbance quantities on the measuring effect of the measuring sensor thereby being compensated and errors in the relationship between the measured quantity and the measuring effect of the measuring sensor being corrected.

摘要翻译： 该装置用于处理由测量传感器和一个或多个其它传感器提供的传感器信号。 测量传感器产生取决于要确定的物理测量量和物理扰动量的测量效果，并且每个进一步的传感器产生基本上仅取决于物理扰动量的测量效果。 该装置包括接收测量效果作为输入量的信号处理电路。 通过传感器信号的模拟处理，信号处理电路提供输出量，其根据形成输入量的测量效果与参考量的比率由以特定方式定义的传递函数来控制。 传递函数的系数可以根据测量传感器的性质获得所需的传递行为，可以调整干扰量对测量传感器的测量效果的影响，从而得到补偿，并且测量量之间的关系出现误差 并且测量传感器的测量效果被校正。

公开(公告)号：US5237851A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-24

申请号：US687900

申请日：1991-05-31

申请人： Winfried Maier ,  Elmar Pfuendlin

发明人： Winfried Maier ,  Elmar Pfuendlin

IPC分类号： G01D3/00 ,  G01D11/00 ,  G01D18/00 ,  H01H3/42 ,  H01H9/04 ,  H01H19/00

CPC分类号： G01D18/00 ,  H01H3/42 ,  H01H19/001 ,  H01H9/042

摘要： Proposed is a device for the analog actuation of a digital setting process, specifically the setting and/or calibration of transducers equipped with microprocessors, with a setting shaft extending through the outside wall of a housing in the interior of which the electrical/electronic components of the transducer are located. The device is formed by a first, analog component and a second, digital component which is in nonpositive connection with the first component. The rotary movement of the first component pivots a cam which is firmly connected with it against the paddle of a rocker switch, causing the paddle to deflect. Associated with the deflection, the rocker motion of the rocker switch about the fulcrum causes a boss arranged on the rocker switch to engage the push button of a push-button switch arranged on a printed circuit board, to switch the push-button switch and to close or open a circuit necessary for setting and/or calibration.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00755 Sec。 371日期1991年5月31日 102（e）日期1991年5月31日PCT提交1990年10月4日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 05223 日期1991年4月18日。提出了一种用于模拟致动数字设定过程的装置，特别是设置和/或校准具有微处理器的换能器，其中设置轴延伸穿过外壳内部的外壳的外壁 传感器的电气/电子部件位于哪个位置。 该装置由与第一部件非正性连接的第一模拟部件和第二数字部件形成。 第一部件的旋转运动使凸轮枢转，该凸轮与摇动开关的桨杆牢固地连接，导致桨偏转。 与偏转相关联的是，摇臂开关围绕支点的摇摆运动导致布置在摇杆开关上的凸台接合布置在印刷电路板上的按钮开关的按钮，以切换按钮开关，并且 关闭或打开设置和/或校准所需的电路。

公开(公告)号：US5097712A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-24

申请号：US719674

申请日：1991-06-24

申请人： Peter Gerst ,  Wulf Springhart

发明人： Peter Gerst ,  Wulf Springhart

IPC分类号： G01L9/00 ,  G01L9/12 ,  G01L13/06

CPC分类号： G01L9/0072 ,  G01L9/125

摘要： The differential pressure measuring apparatus comprises a single chamber differential pressure sensor filled with a fluid and having two measuring capacitors whose capacitances vary in opposite senses in response to the differential pressure to be measured and in the same sense in response to the temperature said capacitances being transformed by means of associated capacitance measuring circuits into measurement signals which are supplied to a calculation circuit for calculating the temperature and the differential pressure. A temperature measuring means which comprises a temperature sensor mounted on the differential pressure sensor and a temperature measuring circuit connected to the temperature sensor measures directly the temperature of the single chamber differential pressure sensor. A comparison means compares the temperature calculated from the capacitances of the measuring capacitors with the measured temperature and delivers a signal indicating the occurrence of a failure when the difference between the compared temperatures exceeds a predetermined threshold. By this self-monitoring, perturbations and other causes of failure which would result in an erroneous measurement can be recognized and indicated with great safety.

摘要翻译： 差压测量装置包括填充有流体的单室差压传感器，并且具有两个测量电容器，其电容响应于待测量的压差而在相反的方向上变化，并且响应于所述电容变化的温度而在相同的意义上 通过相关联的电容测量电路被提供给计算电路以计算温度和压差的测量信号。 包括安装在差压传感器上的温度传感器和连接到温度传感器的温度测量电路的温度测量装置直接测量单室差压传感器的温度。 比较装置将由测量电容器的电容计算的温度与测量的温度进行比较，并且当比较温度之间的差异超过预定阈值时，传递指示发生故障的信号。 通过这种自我监测，可以很好的安全地识别和指示导致错误测量的扰动和其他故障原因。