Abstract:
A phase shifting photomask fabrication method includes the steps of forming a plurality of opaque patterns on a transparent substrate, forming a first protection layer pattern to cover portions of the opaque patterns and the transparent substrate, etching the transparent substrate to form a transmissive portion using the opaque patterns and the first protection layer pattern as a mask, forming a second protection layer on respective upper surfaces of the transmissive portion, the opaque patterns and the first protection layer pattern, removing a portion of the second protection layer to expose the first protection layer pattern, removing the first protection layer pattern and exposing the opaque patterns and the transparent substrate, growing an aluminum layer using the exposed opaque patterns as a seed to form an aluminum pattern, etching the exposed transparent substrate, anisotropically etching the aluminum pattern, and re-etching the transparent substrate surface exposed by anisotropically etching the aluminum pattern, thereby forming a phase transition region and a phase shifting region.
Abstract:
The invention once stores PCM data to a memory and after a predetermined time is elapsed, reading in again and making to output whereby makes to delay the PCM data. The invention comprises a memory for once storing a PCM data converted to parallel, a delay time setting circuit for setting a delay time of PCM data, and a comparator and control circuit for comparing a setting value from the delay time setting circuit and a high order 10 bits writing address of the memory and thereby providing an address and control signal for either initiating a high order 10 bits reading address of the memory or else for writing or reading to the memory.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an air purifying mask capable of filtering inhaled and exhaled air that filters and purifies, at the time when external air is absorbed to the interior thereof and even at the time when the exhaled air is exhausted therefrom, a variety of bacteria and fine foreign substances contained in the exhaled air. According to the present invention, the air purifying mask includes: an inhaled air opening part open at the time of inhalation and closed at the time of exhalation in such a manner as to be coupled to an intake air filtering part for filtering and introducing external air; and an exhaled air opening part open at the time of the exhalation and closed at the time of the inhalation in such a manner as to be coupled to an exhaust air filtering part for filtering and exhausting the exhaled air.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a single wavelength bi-directional optical transceiver for transmitting/receiving optical signals having the same wavelength through an optical communication system. The optical transceiver includes a transmitter including an isolator and converting an external input signal into an optical transmit signal, an optical filter reflecting some of the optical transmit signal and transmitting the other of the optical transmit signal, an optical fiber transmitting the optical transmit signal transmitted by the optical filter to a counterpart optical transceiver, a receiver receiving an optical receive signal from the counterpart optical transceiver via the optical fiber, and a body enclosing a portion of the transmitter, the optical filter, a portion of the optical fiber and a portion of the receiver. An incidence angle (θ2) formed between a central axis of the transmitter and a central axis of the optical fiber is adjusted to allow the optical transmit signal to be obliquely incident into the optical fiber in order to reduce reflection of the optical transmit signal by the optical fiber without coupling with the optical fiber when the transmitter transmits the optical transmit signal to the optical fiber.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a system for assisting fuel-efficient driving, which can advise a driver to perform fuel-efficient driving by displaying a current fuel economy corresponding to a current driving state on a graph such that a driver can compare the current driving state with a target driving state for achieving an optimum fuel economy of the vehicle.
Abstract:
A system for providing fuel-efficient driving information for a vehicle includes a fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit and a display unit. The fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit calculates a variable fuel-efficient driving area, which is divided into economical, semi-economical, and uneconomical regions, depending on the increase or decrease of the speed of the vehicle, calculates a current fuel efficiency of the vehicle, receives information about the type and condition of a road from a GPS, and adjusts the regions in the fuel-efficient driving area to prompt the driver to increase or decrease the vehicle speed in advance. The display unit displays the fuel-efficient driving area using information calculated by the fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit, and indicates the current fuel efficiency using the regions.
Abstract:
A personal broadcast service transmitter and a mobile terminal are provided. The mobile terminal receiving a personal broadcast service includes a location information transmitter to transmit location information of the mobile terminal to a personal broadcast service transmitter transmitting the personal broadcast service over a mobile communication network; and a personal broadcast service receiver to receive from the personal broadcast service transmitter the personal broadcast service generated based on the location information of the mobile terminal.
Abstract:
A method for scheduling packets from a plurality of radio bearers by a scheduler of a first layer includes calculating a virtual scheduling time for the radio bearers by using a packet delay variation of the radio bearers, and transmitting the packet of the radio bearer having the greatest virtual scheduling time from among the plurality of radio bearers to a second layer.
Abstract:
A base station controller interface of the code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile system is described for interfacing between the base station controller and the CDMA mobile switching center (MSC) of the CDMA mobile system (CMS). The base station controller decreases the load of the system by including, for every base station controller interface, the mobile announcement (MANM) to service the state information of the subscriber of interest for all paging to the mobile subscriber. At the same time, the connection between the base station controller and the base station controller interface of the mobile switching center utilizes the EL 2048 Kbps interfacing technique applying the conventional communication network recommended in the ITU-T. The transmission of the message and the call traffic using the interfacing technique is performed to be linked with the TSB of the base station controller. The control signal for processing the call is accomplished by using the inner communication message protocol which is connected in the EIA-422 interfacing mode to the call control processor of the base station controller. Therefore, the present invention effectively performs the call processing function to the mobile subscriber, the mobility management function, the mobile subscriber announceable function, and the itself operational preservative function. Also, the present invention transmits between the call processing control information and the call traffic. Therefore, the present invention increases the capacity of the subsystem in the conventional full electronic telephone exchanger, and has a effect to easily embody the subsystem in the mobile switching center for more economical connection thereof.
Abstract:
A wireless access router for separately controlling a traffic signal and a control signal is provided. In a mobile communication access network structure, in order to optimally support a mobile communication terminal, a control signal and a traffic signal of a base station are divided, and a router is controlled by mobile communication system functions such as a mobility management function, a QoS management function, a session control of the terminal, a mobility control, and a QoS control function that are effectively processed. With a wireless access router having the divided control signal and traffic signal, it is expected the traffic concentration and a packet transmission delay can be prevented.