Abstract:
A fast dispersing solid pharmaceutical composition having a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor as the only active ingredient is disclosed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The composition is formulated to promote absorption through the buccal, sublingual, pharyngeal and/or esophageal mucous membranes, such that at least 5% of the active ingredient is absorbed in one minute, as determined by a buccal absorption test.
Abstract:
In an automated methodology for carrying out in vivo cell patch clamping, a cell patch clamping device is automatically moved into position and targeted to a neuron. Neuron contact is determined by analyzing the temporal series of measured resistance levels at the cell patch clamping device as it is moved. The difference between successive resistance levels is computed and compared to a threshold, which must be exceeded for a minimum number of computations before neuron contact is assumed. Pneumatic control methods are used to achieve gigaseal formation and cell break-in, leading to whole-cell patch clamp formation. An automated robotic system capable of performing this methodology automatically performs patch clamping in vivo, automatically detecting cells by analyzing the temporal sequence of electrode impedance changes. By continuously monitoring the patching process and rapidly executing actions triggered by specific measurements, the robot can rapidly find neurons in the living brain and establish recordings.
Abstract:
An electronic intravascular device is placed in tight contact with vessel walls and is used for electrical stimulation and/or electrical recording of the vessel wall and surrounding target tissue. The electrodes may operate via connectors interfacing them to external hardware or may incorporate electronics to allow wireless power, information transfer, and control. The device includes an internal skeleton, a flexible substrate attached to the exterior of the skeleton, at least one pair of electrodes located on the substrate, and power and control circuitry connected to the electrodes. The power and control circuitry may include connectors for direct powering of the electrodes or circuit elements for wireless powering of the device by RF-based, optical-based, ultrasound-based, piezoelectric, or vibrational energy harvesting methods. The power and control circuitry may include circuit elements for wireless communication, including between the device and the external environment, and may include on-board processing for control of the electrodes.
Abstract:
In an automated method for in vivo multiple cell patch clamping, cell patch clamping devices are automatically moved into position and targeted to multiple corresponding cells. Cell contact is determined by analyzing the temporal series of measured resistance levels at the clamping devices as they are moved. The difference between successive resistance levels is computed and compared to a threshold, which must be exceeded for a minimum number of computations before neuron contact is assumed. Pneumatic control methods are used to achieve cell-attached or gigaseal formation and subsequent cell break-in, leading to whole-cell patch clamp formation. An automated robotic system automatically performs patch clamping in vivo, automatically detecting cells according to the methodology by analyzing the temporal sequence of electrode impedance changes. By continuously monitoring the patching process and rapidly executing actions triggered by specific measurements, the robot can rapidly find neurons in the living brain and establish recordings.
Abstract:
Apparatus for reproduction of stereo sound from a two channel signal, having one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) for reproducing a signal comprising one of or the sum of the two channels, and one or more second transducers (5) for reproducing a signal comprising the difference between the two channels. The apparatus is arranged such that the signal generated by the one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) is transmitted from an output plane in a direction substantially orthogonal to the output plane. The apparatus also has a duct (6) associated with the one or more second transducers (5) and is arranged to conduct the signal generated by the one or more second transducers (5) such that it is transmitted along a direction substantially parallel to the output plane from a point spaced from the plane in the direction in which the signal generated by the one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) is transmitted.
Abstract:
Apparatus for reproducing stereo sound having a housing (1, 25) defining an at least partially enclosed space. A first transducer (7) or pair of transducers (28, 29) is provided and arranged to reproduce one, both or the sum of two audio signals. A pair of transducers (10, 32) is also provided and arranged to reproduce a signal comprising the difference of the two audio signals. As the transducers communicate with the at least partially enclosed space, and the transducers arranged to reproduce the difference between the two audio signals are each arranged to direct their output primarily in a direction generally at right angles to the direction in which the first transducer or pair of transducers primarily direct their output. The apparatus may be arranged to be placed on or adjacent a generally flat surface, and the transducers arranged to reproduce the difference of the two audio signals may be arranged to direct their output towards the flat surface.
Abstract:
A method of using an audio device (2) for improving a user's (1) listening experience. The audio device has a transducer (12) for producing output sound and the method comprises the steps of driving the transducer to produce an output sound and placing the audio device against the body of the user so that the user experiences a physical response to the sound while simultaneously listening to the audio device. The audio device may be arranged to produce a resonance in a part of the user's body. Preferably the audio device is positioned on the user's chest to produce a resonance in the chest cavity of the user's body. The audio device may comprise a sum and difference speaker system.
Abstract:
A video processing apparatus may be controlled in response to selecting an advertisement displayed in connection with a productivity or communication application software program being operated on a video processing apparatus. The advertisement includes control information, which is used by the video processing apparatus to control an operating mode thereof. The control information may include both time and channel data as well as a recording data for programming a timer. Alternately, the control information may only include program data, which is passed to the electronic program guide to determine the time and channel information associated with the program data.
Abstract:
Apparatus for reproduction of stereo sound from a two channel signal, having one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) for reproducing a signal comprising one of or the sum of the two channels, and one or more second transducers (5) for reproducing a signal comprising the difference between the two channels. The apparatus is arranged such that the signal generated by the one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) is transmitted from an output plane in a direction substantially orthogonal to the output plane. The apparatus also has a duct (6) associated with the one or more second transducers (5) and is arranged to conduct the signal generated by the one or more second transducers (5) such that it is transmitted along a direction substantially parallel to the output plane from a point spaced from the plane in the direction in which the signal generated by the one or more first transducers (3a, 3b) is transmitted.