公开(公告)号：US4774373A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-27

申请号：US554586

申请日：1983-11-23

申请人： Joachim Hundeck ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans Hennen

发明人： Joachim Hundeck ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans Hennen

IPC分类号： B01J27/00 ,  B01J27/10 ,  B01J27/128 ,  B01J27/138 ,  B01J27/24 ,  B01J31/00 ,  B01J31/02 ,  B01J31/16 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/02 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C67/00

CPC分类号： C07C17/02

摘要： The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene with chlorine in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature of about 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. at atmospheric or elevated pressure, and distillatively separating the 1,2-dichloroethane from the chlorination mixture. The disclosure provides more particularly for the catalyst used to be an anhydrous tetrachloroferrate(1-) or a substance capable of forming a tetrachloroferrate(1-) in the reaction mixture.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及通过在约20℃至200℃的温度下在大气压或高压下在催化剂存在下，使乙烯与氯反应制备1,2-二氯乙烷的方法，并蒸馏分离 从氯化混合物中加入1,2-二氯乙烷。 本公开更具体地提供了用于在反应混合物中作为无水四氯铁酸盐（1-）或能够形成四氯铁酸盐（1-）的物质的催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US20130279535A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13880545

申请日：2011-10-06

申请人： Ralf Oehler ,  Harald Scholz ,  Frank-Werner Hoffmann

发明人： Ralf Oehler ,  Harald Scholz ,  Frank-Werner Hoffmann

IPC分类号： H05B7/152

CPC分类号： H05B7/152 ,  H05B7/148 ,  Y02P10/256 ,  Y02P10/259

摘要： The invention relates to a method as well as a device for closed-loop control of the electrode gap in a vacuum arc furnace (10), wherein an electrode gap of a melting electrode from the surface of a melt material is subjected to closed-loop control as a function of a droplet short-circuit rate. For this purpose, a histogram (70) of detected droplet short-circuits (80) is created on the basis of at least one droplet short-circuit criterion (76), the histogram (70) is subdivided into sub-areas (72), a characteristic sub-area (74) of the histogram (70) is selected for closed-loop control purposes, and an electrode gap is subjected to closed-loop control on the basis of the droplet short-circuits (80) which can be associated with the selected sub-area (74).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种方法以及用于在真空电弧炉（10）中对电极间隙进行闭环控制的装置，其中熔融电极与熔体材料表面的电极间隙经受闭环 控制作为液滴短路速率的函数。 为此，基于至少一个液滴短路标准（76）创建检测到的液滴短路（80）的直方图（70），直方图（70）被细分为子区域（72） 选择直方图（70）的特征子区域（74）用于闭环控制目的，并且基于液滴短路（80）对电极间隙进行闭环控制，其可以是 与所选择的子区域（74）相关联。

公开(公告)号：US06540012B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-01

申请号：US09566485

申请日：2000-05-08

申请人： Harald Scholz ,  Arno Niebling ,  Ulrich Biebricher

发明人： Harald Scholz ,  Arno Niebling ,  Ulrich Biebricher

IPC分类号： B22D2310

CPC分类号： C22B9/00 ,  B22D23/10 ,  C21C7/00

摘要： In an electroslag remelting point with a mold (4) for forming an ingot from the remelted material of at least one consumable electrode (33), with a body (6) having at least one vertically driven electrode rod (15) for advancing a respective consumable electrode (33), and with a hood (19) which is disposed above the mold (4) and has at least one opening (18) which is concentric with the respective electrode axis (A), a pot-shaped boiler (20) is provided which accommodates the mould (4) and can be joined to the hood (19) to form a chamber (34) which is closed all round, completely encompasses the mould (4, 28) and can be connected via pipelines (22, 23) to a vacuum pump and/or a gas source, so that the chamber (34) can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas.

摘要翻译： 在具有用于从至少一个可消耗电极（33）的重熔材料形成锭的模具（4）的电渣重熔点中，具有至少一个垂直驱动的电极棒（15）的主体（6），用于使相应的 消耗电极（33），以及设置在模具（4）上方的罩（19），并且具有与相应电极轴线（A）同心的至少一个开口（18），盆形锅炉 ），其容纳模具（4）并且可以连接到罩（19）以形成整个封闭的室（34），完全包围模具（4,28），并且可以通过管道（22）连接 ，23）连接到真空泵和/或气体源，使得腔室（34）可以被抽空或填充惰性气体。

公开(公告)号：US4672142A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-09

申请号：US419084

申请日：1982-09-16

申请人： Joachim Hundeck ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans Hennen ,  Bernhard Kuxdorf ,  Herbert Pusche

发明人： Joachim Hundeck ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans Hennen ,  Bernhard Kuxdorf ,  Herbert Pusche

IPC分类号： B01J27/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/02 ,  C07C17/383 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C67/00

CPC分类号： C07C19/045 ,  C07C17/02 ,  C07C17/383

摘要： The disclosure relates to a process for making 1,2-dichloroethane by reacting ethylene and chlorine in a reaction zone having a liquid medium containing chlorinated C.sub.2 -hydrocarbons circulated therein. To this end, the disclosure provides:(a) for approximately equimolar proportions of ethylene and chlorine to be introduced into the circulated liquid medium; for the whole to be reacted in a reaction zone at a temperature of about 75.degree. up to 200.degree. C. under a pressure of about 1 up to 15 bars, the mean sojourn time of the reaction mixture in the mixing zone and reaction zone being equal to about 1 to 15 hours;(b) for a portion of liquid reaction mixture to be removed from the reaction zone and subdivided into two streams, for one of these streams to be passed through a heat exchanger for the abstraction of calorific energy and reduction of its initial temperature, and for it to be recycled to the mixing and reaction zone; for the second stream to be introduced into an expansion vessel and for proportions corresponding to the quantity of reaction product formed in the reaction zone to be evaporated therein; for resulting vaporous matter to be introduced into a fractionating column, unevaporated liquid matter of the second stream being recycled into the liquid medium circulated in the mixing and reaction zone; and(c) for 1,2-dichloroethane to be distillatively separated from the vaporous matter introduced into the fractionating column with the use of a portion of the heat energy transferred inside the heat exchanger and for the 1,2-dichloroethane to be removed overhead.

摘要翻译： 本公开涉及在具有在其中循环的含有氯代C 2-烃的液体介质的反应区中使乙烯和氯反应制备1,2-二氯乙烷的方法。 为此，本公开内容提供：（a）将大约等摩尔比例的乙烯和氯引入循环液体介质中; 在整个反应区中，在约1至15巴的压力下，在约75℃至200℃的温度下在反应区中反应，反应混合物在混合区和反应区中的平均停留时间为 等于约1至15小时; （b）一部分液体反应混合物从反应区域中除去并再细分为两股，其中一条流通过一个热交换器，用于抽出热能并降低其初始温度; 它被再循环到混合和反应区; 将第二物流引入膨胀容器中，并且其比例对应于在其中蒸发的反应区中形成的反应产物的量; 为了使所得到的蒸汽物质被引入分馏塔中，第二物流的未蒸发的液体物质被循环到在混合和反应区中循环的液体介质中; 和（c）将1,2-二氯乙烷与引入分馏塔的蒸汽物质蒸馏分离，使用热交换器内部传递的一部分热能，并将1,2-二氯乙烷从塔顶馏去 。

公开(公告)号：US4396593A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-02

申请号：US346299

申请日：1982-02-05

申请人： Werner Schmidt ,  Harald Scholz ,  Nikolaus Niedzielski

发明人： Werner Schmidt ,  Harald Scholz ,  Nikolaus Niedzielski

IPC分类号： C01G19/02 ,  C01G19/08

CPC分类号： C01G19/08

摘要： Chlorine is reacted with excess tin in liquid tin(IV) chloride at 20.degree. to 90.degree. C., 30 to 300 dm.sup.3 (S.T.P.)h.sup.-1 of chlorine being passed in per dm.sup.3 of tin(IV) chloride present in the reaction chamber and 0.08 to 0.3 dm.sup.3 h.sup.-1 of tin(IV) chloride being recycled with cooling per 1 dm.sup.3 (S.T.P.)h.sup.-1 of chlorine passed in. An excess of tin of at least 4 times the weight of chlorine passed in per hour is maintained. An amount of tin(IV) chloride is taken out of the cycle such that the level of the tin(IV) chloride in the reaction chamber remains approximately constant. The tin(IV) chloride taken off is brought into contact at 60.degree. to 110.degree. C. for an average residence time of 1 to 7 hours with tin in liquid tin(IV) chloride, thereafter filtered and, if appropriate, treated with absorbing agents. Pure, ready-for-use tin(IV) chloride is obtained continuously without a purification by distillation in a simple, readily cleanable apparatus made of a cheap material.

摘要翻译： 氯与二氯化锡中的过量锡在20〜90℃反应，30〜300dm 3（STP）h-1的氯在每分钟3次的氯化锡（IV） 和0.08〜0.3dm3h-1的氯化锡（IV），每1 dm3（STP）h-1的氯气冷却循环，保持每小时通过的氯的至少4倍的过量锡 。 从循环中取出一定量的氯化锡（IV），使得反应室中氯化锡（IV）的水平保持近似恒定。 取出的氯化锡（IV）在60℃至110℃下接触，平均停留时间为1至7小时，与锡在液体氯化锡（IV）中，然后过滤，如果合适，用吸收 代理商 通过在廉价材料制成的简单容易清洁的装置中通过蒸馏纯化，可以连续获得纯的即用型氯化锡（IV）。

公开(公告)号：US4257850A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-24

申请号：US115205

申请日：1980-01-25

申请人： Gerhard Rechmeier ,  Ulrich Roesnik ,  Harald Scholz

发明人： Gerhard Rechmeier ,  Ulrich Roesnik ,  Harald Scholz

IPC分类号： C07C17/383 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/38 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C67/00 ,  B01D3/34

CPC分类号： C07C17/38 ,  Y02P20/51

摘要： The invention relates to a process for purifying 1,2-dichloroethane which is recovered during incomplete thermal cracking to vinyl chloride and contains contaminants boiling at a temperature lower than 83.7.degree. C. under a pressure of 1011 millibars, briefly termed low boilers, and contaminants boiling at a temperature higher than 83.7.degree. C. under a pressure of 1011 millibars, briefly termed high boilers. More particularly, low boilers are distilled off overhead from contaminated 1,2-dichloroethane, in a first distilling zone; a portion of low boiler concentrate is continuously treated at 30.degree. to 85.degree. C. with gaseous chlorine and converted to high boilers; pure 1,2-dichloroethane is distilled off overhead from high boilers, in a second distilling zone; and residual dichloroethane is distilled off under reduced pressure from high boiler concentrate, in a third distilling zone, and the high boilers are removed; high boiler-containing effluent coming from the chlorination of low boiler concentrate is introduced into the lower portion of the third distilling zone (FIG. 2 of accompanying drawing).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种纯化1,2-二氯乙烷的方法，该方法是在不完全热裂解过程中回收到氯乙烯中，并在1011毫巴的压力下含有在低于83.7℃的温度下沸腾的污染物，简称为低锅炉和污染物 在温度高于83.7℃的温度下在1011毫巴的压力下沸腾，简称为高锅炉。 更具体地说，在第一蒸馏区中，将低沸点物从被污染的1,2-二氯乙烷顶部蒸馏掉; 一部分低浓缩锅炉用气态氯在30〜85℃下连续处理，转化成高锅炉; 在第二蒸馏区中从高锅炉塔顶馏出纯的1,2-二氯乙烷; 并在第三蒸馏区中从高浓度的锅炉中减压蒸除残留的二氯乙烷，并且除去高锅炉; 来自低浓度锅炉浓缩物氯化的高含锅炉的废水被引入第三蒸馏区的下部（附图2）。

公开(公告)号：US4678482A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-07

申请号：US885013

申请日：1986-07-14

申请人： Heinz Muller ,  Elmar Lohmar ,  Harald Scholz

发明人： Heinz Muller ,  Elmar Lohmar ,  Harald Scholz

IPC分类号： B01D53/14 ,  C01B7/07 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/363 ,  C07C53/16 ,  C07C67/00

CPC分类号： C01B7/0706 ,  C07C51/363

摘要： Hydrogen chloride gas obtained as a by-product in the production of chloroacetic acid by subjecting acetic acid to a catalytic chlorination reaction with chlorine gas in the presence of acetic anhydride and/or acetyl chloride is purified. The prepurified by-product still contains 0.1-3 vol % acetyl chloride and up to 0.1 vol % chloroacetyl chloride. For purification, the hydrogen chloride gas is passed through two zones series-connected together and scrubbed in countercurrent fashion. More particularly, it is scrubbed in the first zone with concentrated hydrochloric acid and in the second zone with concentrated sulfuric acid.

摘要翻译： 纯化在乙酸酐和/或乙酰氯存在下，通过使乙酸与氯气进行催化氯化反应在氯乙酸生产中作为副产物获得的氯化氢气体。 预纯化的副产物仍含有0.1-3体积％的乙酰氯和至多0.1体积％的氯乙酰氯。 为了净化，氯化氢气体通过串联连接在一起的两个区域，并以逆流方式洗涤。 更具体地说，它在第一区域用浓盐酸洗涤，在第二区用浓硫酸洗涤。

公开(公告)号：US4552727A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-12

申请号：US586057

申请日：1984-03-05

申请人： Kurt Schuchardt ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans W. Neuss ,  Georg Pech

发明人： Kurt Schuchardt ,  Harald Scholz ,  Hans W. Neuss ,  Georg Pech

IPC分类号： F23J15/02 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F28C3/06 ,  B01J19/02 ,  F27D1/00 ,  F28F21/04 ,  F28F21/06

CPC分类号： F23J15/06 ,  F28C3/06 ,  F28D2021/0075

摘要： A cooling device for quenching hot, highly corrosive combustible gases containing chlorine and hydrogen chloride comprises an elongated steel vessel having rounded top and bottom end portions, an inlet connection on the top end portion, a plurality of inclined connections in the top end portion to facilitate injection of quenching liquid, a lateral outlet connection in the lower third of the steel vessel for quenched combustion gases and quenching liquid, an axial outlet connection on the bottom end portion of the steel vessel for cleaning purposes and also providing an outlet for the quenching liquid, an acid-resistant hard rubber lining extending over the interior surfaces of the steel vessel and all connections, an acid-resistant ceramic lining on the hard rubber lining, and a refractory lining in the upper portion of the steel vessel on the acid-resistant lining. The innermost surface of the cooling device comprises a lining of further acid-resistant material which forms an interior cylindrical wall of equal diameter throughout.

摘要翻译： 用于淬火含氯和氯化氢的热的，高度腐蚀性的可燃气体的冷却装置包括具有圆顶部和底端部分的细长钢容器，顶端部分上的入口连接，顶端部分中的多个倾斜连接 注入淬火液体，在用于淬火燃烧气体和淬火液体的钢容器的下三分之一中的侧向出口连接，用于清洁目的的钢容器的底端部分上的轴向出口连接，并且还提供用于淬火液体的出口 ，耐腐蚀的硬橡胶衬里，其延伸在钢容器的内表面和所有连接处，硬橡胶衬里上的耐酸陶瓷衬里，以及在钢容器上部的耐酸衬里耐酸 衬。 冷却装置的最内表面包括进一步耐酸材料的衬里，其整体形成相同直径的内圆柱形壁。

公开(公告)号：US4310713A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-12

申请号：US898711

申请日：1978-04-24

申请人： Gunter Legutke ,  Gerhard H. Rechmeier ,  Harald Scholz ,  Kurt Schuchardt ,  Ernst Holler ,  Gunther Liesenfelder

发明人： Gunter Legutke ,  Gerhard H. Rechmeier ,  Harald Scholz ,  Kurt Schuchardt ,  Ernst Holler ,  Gunther Liesenfelder

IPC分类号： B01J27/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/156 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C67/00

CPC分类号： C07C17/156 ,  Y02P20/582

摘要： 1,2-dichloroethane is made by subjecting ethylene to an oxychlorination reaction with hydrogen chloride and a gas containing molecular oxygen in gas phase, at elevated temperature and in contact with a fluidized bed copper-II-chloride catalyst on a carrier, wherein the reaction gases are cooled under pressure in two condensation stages, condensed 1,2-dichloroethane and water are removed and the bulk of unreacted starting gas and inert gas are recycled. More specifically the reaction gases are delivered to a third condensation stage and cooled therein under pressure down to a temperature within the range 5.degree. to 18.degree. C. and to the extent necessary for the recycle gas to contain 0.5 to 3 volume % of 1,2-dichloroethane. Next, the recycle gas is directly admixed upstream of the reactor, with a quantity of pure oxygen necessary to replace consumed oxygen and re-establish an oxygen content of 12 to 25 volume % therein.

摘要翻译： 1,2-二氯乙烷是通过使乙烯与氯化氢和含有分子氧的气体在气相中在升高的温度下进行氧氯化反应并与载体上的流化床铜-Cl-氯化物催化剂接触而制备的，其中反应 气体在两个冷凝阶段被压力冷却，冷凝的1,2-二氯乙烷和水被除去，大部分未反应的起始气体和惰性气体被再循环。 更具体地，将反应气体输送到第三冷凝段，并在压力下冷却至5℃至18℃的温度，并且在循环气体含有0.5至3体积％的1， 2-二氯乙烷。 接下来，将循环气体直接混合在反应器的上游，与一定量的纯氧代替消耗的氧气并在其中重新建立12至25体积％的氧含量。

公开(公告)号：US09538587B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-03

申请号：US13880545

申请日：2011-10-06

申请人： Ralf Oehler ,  Harald Scholz ,  Frank-Werner Hoffmann

发明人： Ralf Oehler ,  Harald Scholz ,  Frank-Werner Hoffmann

IPC分类号： H05B3/60 ,  H05B7/148 ,  H05B7/152

CPC分类号： H05B7/152 ,  H05B7/148 ,  Y02P10/256 ,  Y02P10/259

摘要： A method and a device for closed-loop control of an electrode gap in a vacuum arc furnace subjects an electrode gap of a melting electrode from the surface of a melt material to closed-loop control as a function of a droplet short-circuit rate. For this purpose, a histogram of detected droplet short-circuits is created on the basis of at least one droplet short-circuit criterion. The histogram is subdivided into sub-areas, a characteristic sub-area of the histogram is selected for closed-loop control purposes. The electrode gap is subjected to closed-loop control on the basis of the droplet short-circuits which can be associated with the selected sub-area.

摘要翻译： 用于真空电弧炉中的电极间隙的闭环控制的方法和装置使熔融电极的电极间隙从熔体材料的表面到作为液滴短路速率的函数的闭环控制。 为此，基于至少一个液滴短路标准产生检测到的液滴短路的直方图。 将直方图细分为子区域，选择直方图的特征子区域用于闭环控制目的。 基于可以与所选择的子区域相关联的液滴短路，对电极间隙进行闭环控制。