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公开(公告)号：US20230314810A1
公开(公告)日：2023-10-05
申请号：US18181374
申请日：2023-03-09
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Se Baek Oh
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G03H1/0248 , G02B2027/0174 , G03H2223/23
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide, a diffractive input coupler, and an output coupler. The input coupler may diffract image light into the waveguide. The output coupler may diffract the image light out of the waveguide and towards an eye box. The output coupler may include a first volume hologram with a first grating vector and a second volume hologram with a second grating vector. The first and second grating vectors may be oriented at the same angle from opposing sides of an axis. The input coupler may have a first pitch. The first and second volume holograms may have a second pitch. The second pitch may be constant across the output coupler. In order to mitigate dispersion by the input coupler, the second pitch may be equal to twice the first pitch times a cosine of the angle.
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公开(公告)号：US11467407B2
公开(公告)日：2022-10-11
申请号：US16632830
申请日：2018-08-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display system that produces images. The display system may have one or more pixel arrays such as liquid-crystal-on-silicon pixel arrays. Images from the display system may be coupled into a waveguide by an input coupler and may be coupled out of the waveguide using an output coupler. The input and output couplers may be formed from volume phase holographic gratings. An additional grating may be used to shift light that would otherwise pass above or below the user's field of view towards the viewer. Holographic gratings in the waveguide may have fringes with constant pitch and variable period. The period at a given portion of the grating may be Bragg-matched to maximize diffraction efficiency for light of a given incident angle.
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公开(公告)号：US20200089014A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-19
申请号：US16546157
申请日：2019-08-20
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Guolin Peng , Eric J. Hansotte , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre , Hyungryul Choi , Nan Zhu , Paul J. Gelsinger-Austin , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display that emits image light, a waveguide, and an input coupler that couples the image light into the waveguide. Beam splitter structures may be embedded within the waveguide. The beam splitter structures may partially reflect the image light multiple times and may serve to generate replicated beams of light that are coupled out of the waveguide by an output coupler. The beam splitter structures may replicate the beams across two dimensions to provide an eye box with uniform-intensity light from the display across its area. The beam splitter structures may include stacked partially reflective beam splitter layers, sandwiched transparent substrate layers having different indices of refraction, a thick volume hologram interposed between substrate layers, or combinations of these or other structures. The reflectivity of the beam splitter structures may vary discretely or continuously across the lateral area of the waveguide.
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公开(公告)号：US11994681B2
公开(公告)日：2024-05-28
申请号：US17477321
申请日：2021-09-16
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , Guolin Peng , Hyungryul Choi , Kevin A. Keilbach , Scott M. DeLapp
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G02B6/0016 , G02B6/003 , G02B2027/0123 , G02B2027/0147 , G02B2027/0163
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display module that generates light and an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The system may include an input coupler on a waveguide and a lens that directs the light towards the input coupler. The input coupler may include a prism having a reflective surface that reflects the light into the waveguide. The reflective surface may be curved to provide the light with an optical power. The prism may be configured to expand a field of view of the light. A birefringent beam displacer may expand the effective pupil size of the light. The lens may include lens elements that converge the light at a location between the lens elements and the waveguide. A switchable panel may be placed at the location and toggled between first and second orientations to increase the effective resolution of the light.
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公开(公告)号：US11829528B2
公开(公告)日：2023-11-28
申请号：US17718083
申请日：2022-04-11
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kathrin Berkner-Cieslicki , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Christopher F. Griffo , Bradley C. Steele , Ting Sun , Kenichi Saito , Noah D. Bedard
CPC classification number: G06F3/013 , G02B27/0093 , G02B27/0172 , G02B2027/014 , G02B2027/0138 , G02B2027/0174 , G02B2027/0187
Abstract: An eye tracking system for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes in a head-mounted display (HMD). The eye tracking system includes at least one eye tracking camera, an illumination source that emits infrared light towards the user's eyes, and diffraction gratings located at the eyepieces. The diffraction gratings redirect or reflect at least a portion of infrared light reflected off the user's eyes, while allowing visible light to pass. The cameras capture images of the user's eyes from the infrared light that is redirected or reflected by the diffraction gratings.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US11803056B2
公开(公告)日：2023-10-31
申请号：US16546157
申请日：2019-08-20
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Guolin Peng , Eric J. Hansotte , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre , Hyungryul Choi , Nan Zhu , Paul J. Gelsinger-Austin , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Bradley C. Steele
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G02B27/12 , G02B27/14 , G02B2027/0174
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display that emits image light, a waveguide, and an input coupler that couples the image light into the waveguide. Beam splitter structures may be embedded within the waveguide. The beam splitter structures may partially reflect the image light multiple times and may serve to generate replicated beams of light that are coupled out of the waveguide by an output coupler. The beam splitter structures may replicate the beams across two dimensions to provide an eye box with uniform-intensity light from the display across its area. The beam splitter structures may include stacked partially reflective beam splitter layers, sandwiched transparent substrate layers having different indices of refraction, a thick volume hologram interposed between substrate layers, or combinations of these or other structures. The reflectivity of the beam splitter structures may vary discretely or continuously across the lateral area of the waveguide.
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公开(公告)号：US20220236799A1
公开(公告)日：2022-07-28
申请号：US17718083
申请日：2022-04-11
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Kathrin Berkner-Cieslicki , Se Baek Oh , Scott M. DeLapp , Christopher F. Griffo , Bradley C. Steele , Ting Sun , Kenichi Saito , Noah D. Bedard
Abstract: An eye tracking system for detecting position and movements of a user's eyes in a head-mounted display (HMD). The eye tracking system includes at least one eye tracking camera, an illumination source that emits infrared light towards the user's eyes, and diffraction gratings located at the eyepieces. The diffraction gratings redirect or reflect at least a portion of infrared light reflected off the user's eyes, while allowing visible light to pass. The cameras capture images of the user's eyes from the infrared light that is redirected or reflected by the diffraction gratings.
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公开(公告)号：US20220011496A1
公开(公告)日：2022-01-13
申请号：US17482149
申请日：2021-09-22
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , Scott M. DeLapp , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Hyungryul Choi , Guolin Peng
Abstract: An electronic device may include a waveguide with an input coupler and an output coupler. The input coupler may receive the image light from imaging optics. The input coupler may be an input coupling prism and the imaging optics may include lens elements. World light may be viewable at an eye box through the output coupler. Biasing, compensation, and/or prescription lenses may overlap the output coupler. The input coupling prism, the lens elements in the imaging optics, and/or one or more of the biasing, compensation, and prescription lenses may be formed from gradient index (GRIN) material. The GRIN material may have a gradient refractive index that varies in one or more gradient directions. Use of GRIN materials may minimize the volume required to form the device without sacrificing optical performance. In addition, the GRIN materials may compensate for dispersion and aberrations in the device.
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公开(公告)号：US20220004008A1
公开(公告)日：2022-01-06
申请号：US17477408
申请日：2021-09-16
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Hyungryul Choi , Guolin Peng , Scott M. DeLapp , Vikrant Bhakta
IPC: G02B27/01
Abstract: An electronic device may have an optical combiner, a spatial light modulator, and illumination optics. The modulator may produce image light for the combiner by modulating illumination light from the illumination optics. Adjustable optical components in the illumination optics may be controlled to adjust the illumination optics between first and second states. In the first state, the adjustable optical components may provide the illumination light to the modulator with a uniform intensity across the lateral area of the modulator. In the second state, the adjustable optical components may focus the illumination light within a subset of the lateral area. The subset of the lateral area may correspond with a bright object in the image light. The control circuitry may control the illumination optics to ensure that the bright object remains visible at an eye box even when the device is located in bright ambient lighting conditions.
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公开(公告)号：US20220004007A1
公开(公告)日：2022-01-06
申请号：US17477321
申请日：2021-09-16
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , Guolin Peng , Hyungryul Choi , Kevin A. Keilbach , Scott M. DeLapp
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display module that generates light and an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The system may include an input coupler on a waveguide and a lens that directs the light towards the input coupler. The input coupler may include a prism having a reflective surface that reflects the light into the waveguide. The reflective surface may be curved to provide the light with an optical power. The prism may be configured to expand a field of view of the light. A birefringent beam displacer may expand the effective pupil size of the light. The lens may include lens elements that converge the light at a location between the lens elements and the waveguide. A switchable panel may be placed at the location and toggled between first and second orientations to increase the effective resolution of the light.
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