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公开(公告)号：US20210405379A1
公开(公告)日：2021-12-30
申请号：US17474366
申请日：2021-09-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , David A. Kalinowski , Hyungryul Choi , Nathanael D. Parkhill , Stanley K. Melax , Byron R. Cocilovo
IPC: G02B27/01
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display module that produces light having an image, a lens that directs the light to a waveguide, and a waveguide that directs the light to an eye box. The lens may produce a foveated image in the light by applying a non-uniform magnification to the image in the light. The non-uniform magnification may vary as a function of angle within a field of view of the lens. This may allow the foveated image to have higher resolution within the central region than in the peripheral region. Performing foveation using the lens maximizes the resolution of images at the eye box without increasing the size of the display module. Control circuitry on the device may apply a pre-distortion to the image that is an inverse of distortion introduced by the lens in producing the foveated image.
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公开(公告)号：US20240103273A1
公开(公告)日：2024-03-28
申请号：US18262902
申请日：2022-02-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Francesco Aieta , Byron R. Cocilovo , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Se Baek Oh
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/0016 , G02B6/0036 , G02B27/0093 , G02B2027/0138
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide. An input coupler may couple image light into the waveguide and an output coupler may couple the image light out of the waveguide. A surface relief grating on the waveguide may couple infrared light into the waveguide and may couple the infrared light out of the waveguide. The surface relief grating may additionally or alternatively couple reflected infrared light into the waveguide and out of the waveguide and towards an infrared sensor. The surface relief grating may also form a cross-coupler for the image light. The infrared sensor may gather infrared sensor data based on the reflected infrared light. Control circuitry may perform gaze tracking operations based on the infrared sensor data. The input and output couplers may also be formed from surface relief gratings or may include other optical components.
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公开(公告)号：US11867907B2
公开(公告)日：2024-01-09
申请号：US17474366
申请日：2021-09-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Vikrant Bhakta , David A. Kalinowski , Hyungryul Choi , Nathanael D. Parkhill , Stanley K. Melax , Byron R. Cocilovo
IPC: G02B27/01
CPC classification number: G02B27/0172 , G02B2027/011 , G02B2027/0125 , G02B2027/0147 , G02B2027/0163
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display module that produces light having an image, a lens that directs the light to a waveguide, and a waveguide that directs the light to an eye box. The lens may produce a foveated image in the light by applying a non-uniform magnification to the image in the light. The non-uniform magnification may vary as a function of angle within a field of view of the lens. This may allow the foveated image to have higher resolution within the central region than in the peripheral region. Performing foveation using the lens maximizes the resolution of images at the eye box without increasing the size of the display module. Control circuitry on the device may apply a pre-distortion to the image that is an inverse of distortion introduced by the lens in producing the foveated image.
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公开(公告)号：US20230314796A1
公开(公告)日：2023-10-05
申请号：US18153901
申请日：2023-01-12
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Friso Schlottau , Byron R. Cocilovo , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer
CPC classification number: G02B27/0081 , G02B6/0016 , G02B27/0172 , G02B2027/0174 , G02B2207/123
Abstract: The display may include a waveguide that directs light towards an eye box. The waveguide may include first and second media layers that are edge-coupled at an interface. The first media layer may include a louvered mirror cross-coupler that redirects the light towards the second media layer. The second media layer may include a volume hologram output coupler that couples the light out of the waveguide. Additional layers may be interposed between the first media layer and waveguide substrates. The additional layers may help confine the light within the first media layer as the light propagates such that all of the light enters the second media layer through the interface. This may configure the waveguide to occupy a minimal amount of space within the display while also providing the eye box with as bright and uniform an image as possible.
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公开(公告)号：US12216282B2
公开(公告)日：2025-02-04
申请号：US18262902
申请日：2022-02-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Francesco Aieta , Byron R. Cocilovo , Jonathan B. Pfeiffer , Se Baek Oh
Abstract: A display may include a waveguide. An input coupler may couple image light into the waveguide and an output coupler may couple the image light out of the waveguide. A surface relief grating on the waveguide may couple infrared light into the waveguide and may couple the infrared light out of the waveguide. The surface relief grating may additionally or alternatively couple reflected infrared light into the waveguide and out of the waveguide and towards an infrared sensor. The surface relief grating may also form a cross-coupler for the image light. The infrared sensor may gather infrared sensor data based on the reflected infrared light. Control circuitry may perform gaze tracking operations based on the infrared sensor data. The input and output couplers may also be formed from surface relief gratings or may include other optical components.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US12147038B2
公开(公告)日：2024-11-19
申请号：US16539818
申请日：2019-08-13
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele , Byron R. Cocilovo , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.
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公开(公告)号：US11467407B2
公开(公告)日：2022-10-11
申请号：US16632830
申请日：2018-08-14
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Scott M. DeLapp , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele
Abstract: An electronic device may have a display system that produces images. The display system may have one or more pixel arrays such as liquid-crystal-on-silicon pixel arrays. Images from the display system may be coupled into a waveguide by an input coupler and may be coupled out of the waveguide using an output coupler. The input and output couplers may be formed from volume phase holographic gratings. An additional grating may be used to shift light that would otherwise pass above or below the user's field of view towards the viewer. Holographic gratings in the waveguide may have fringes with constant pitch and variable period. The period at a given portion of the grating may be Bragg-matched to maximize diffraction efficiency for light of a given incident angle.
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公开(公告)号：US20200096771A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-26
申请号：US16539818
申请日：2019-08-13
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele , Byron R. Cocilovo , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.
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公开(公告)号：US20190265486A1
公开(公告)日：2019-08-29
申请号：US16277875
申请日：2019-02-15
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Eric J. Hansotte , Byron R. Cocilovo , Se Baek Oh , Seyedeh Mahsa Kamali , Francesco Aieta
Abstract: An electronic device may have a light source such as a laser light source. The light source may emit light into a waveguide. A phase grating may diffract the light that is emitted into the waveguide to produce diffracted light. The diffracted light may be oriented parallel to a surface normal of an angled edge of the waveguide and parallel to a surface normal of a microelectromechanical systems mirror element in a two-dimensional scanning microelectromechanical systems mirror that is coupled to the edge of the waveguide. A wave plate may be interposed between the mirror and the edge of the waveguide to change the polarization state of light reflected from the mirror element relative to incoming diffracted light from the phase grating. The phase grating may be configured so that the reflected light is not diffracted by the phase grating.
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公开(公告)号：US20250053016A1
公开(公告)日：2025-02-13
申请号：US18926112
申请日：2024-10-24
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Se Baek Oh , Bradley C. Steele , Byron R. Cocilovo , Francesco Aieta , Graham B. Myhre
Abstract: An electronic device may include a display that produce images. The display may generate light for an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may include a waveguide that propagates the light in a first direction towards the output coupler. The output coupler may couple the light out of the waveguide towards the eye box while inverting a parity of the light about the first direction. The coupler may include a first element such as a set of partial mirrors or diffractive gratings that redirects a first portion of the light in a second direction. The coupler may include a second element that redirects a second portion of the light in a third direction opposite the second direction. The first element may redirect the second portion and the second element may redirect the first portion towards the eye box.
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