Abstract:
A planar optical waveguide element includes: a substrate; and an optical waveguide comprising a core and a cladding, the core being provided on the substrate so as to include first and second core regions arranged in parallel, the cladding having a smaller refractive index than the core. Also, the core forms a preceding-stage mode conversion portion that converts a mode of input light and a subsequent-stage mode conversion portion that converts a mode of light output from the preceding-stage mode conversion portion, and the first and second core regions are spaced apart from each other at an input end of the subsequent-stage mode conversion portion, and a gap between the first and second core regions is continuously decreased along the light waveguide direction such that the first and second core regions are in contact with each other at an output end of the subsequent-stage mode conversion portion.
Abstract:
Since a cross section of at least a partial segment of a first core has a step-like shape including a quadrilateral shape of a main part and a quadrilateral shape of a protruding part protruding from the main part, respective effective refractive indices of TE polarized waves in the first core and in the second core differ from each other.
Abstract:
A polarization conversion device includes: a directional coupler that includes an input side optical waveguide and an output side optical waveguide which are disposed in parallel to each other and each of which has a core. Assuming that a direction in which the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide face each other is a width direction and a direction perpendicular to the width direction is a height direction in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of each of the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide, and the directional coupler is configured to couple first light guided through the input side optical waveguide to second light guided through the output side optical waveguide, the polarization direction of the second light is perpendicular to that of the first light.
Abstract:
Provided is a substrate-type optical waveguide element in which when (i) effective refractive indexes of a TE polarized wave and a TM polarized wave in the first core are NTE@WG1 and NTM@WG1, respectively, and (ii) effective refractive indexes of a TE polarized wave and a TM polarized wave in the second core are NTE@WG2 and NTM@WG2, respectively, a magnitude relation of the effective refractive indexes NTM@WG1 and NTM@WG2 at a start position of a parallel-core section is opposite to a magnitude relation of the effective refractive indexes NTM@WG1 and NTM@WG2 at an end position of the parallel-core section, and at least one of the cores includes (a) a main part having a quadrilateral cross section and (b) a protruding part protruding from one of side surfaces of the main part in a direction parallel to a boundary surface between a lower cladding and a upper cladding.
Abstract:
A planar optical waveguide device includes: a substrate; and an optical waveguide that includes a core and a cladding. The core forms a preceding-stage mode conversion section and a subsequent-stage mode conversion section, the preceding-stage mode conversion section being configured to convert a mode of input light, the subsequent-stage mode conversion section being configured to convert a mode of light output from the preceding-stage mode conversion section. Sectional shapes of the first core portion and the second core portion are not congruent with each other at an input end of the preceding-stage mode conversion section, the sectional shape or size of at least one core is continuously changed along a light waveguide direction, and sectional shapes of the first core portion and the second core portion are congruent with each other at an output end of the preceding-stage mode conversion section.
Abstract:
An effective refractive index of a TM0 polarized wave guided through the first core when existing alone and an effective refractive index of a TE0 polarized wave guided through the second core when existing alone are continuous as a function of a distance from a starting point of a side-by-side arrangement section. A magnitude relationship between an effective refractive index of an odd mode of a TE0 polarized wave guided through the side-by -side arrangement section and an effective refractive index of an even mode of a TM0 polarized wave guided through the side-by-side arrangement section is reversed between the starting point and an ending point of the side-by-side arrangement section. A refractive index distribution is vertically asymmetrical in an interaction section.
Abstract:
An effective refractive index of a TM0 polarized wave guided through the first core when existing alone and an effective refractive index of a TE0 polarized wave guided through the second core when existing alone are continuous as a function of a distance from a starting point of a side-by-side arrangement section. A magnitude relationship between an effective refractive index of an odd mode of a TE0 polarized wave guided through the side-by-side arrangement section and an effective refractive index of an even mode of a TM0 polarized wave guided through the side-by-side arrangement section is reversed between the starting point and an ending point of the side-by-side arrangement section. A refractive index distribution is vertically asymmetrical in an interaction section. An emission edge surface and an emission edge surface cover an entrance edge surface without excess or deficiency.
Abstract:
A polarization conversion element is disclosed in which an optical waveguide formed on a substrate sequentially includes a first waveguide portion, a polarization rotation portion, and a second waveguide portion, an effective refractive index of a TE mode having the highest effective refractive index in an eigen mode of waveguide light on a sectional surface of the first waveguide portion is higher than an effective refractive index of a TM mode having the highest effective refractive index, an effective refractive index of the TM mode having the highest effective refractive index on a sectional surface of the second waveguide portion is higher than an effective refractive index of the TE mode having the highest effective refractive index, and heights of waveguide structures (for example, cores) of the first waveguide portion and the second waveguide portion are equal to each other.
Abstract:
Since a cross section of at least a partial segment of a first core has a step-like shape including a quadrilateral shape of a main part and a quadrilateral shape of a protruding part protruding from the main part, respective effective refractive indices of TE polarized waves in the first core and in the second core differ from each other.