摘要:
The invention relates to methods of making articles of semiconducting material and semiconducting material articles formed thereby, such as semiconducting material that may be useful in making photovoltaic cells.
摘要:
A method of making an article of a semiconducting material involves selecting a target thickness for the article and then submerging a mold into a molten semiconducting material for a submersion time effective to form a solid layer of semiconducting material over an external surface of the mold where the thickness of the solid layer is substantially equal to the target thickness. The submersion time is selected to be substantially equal to a transition time, which is determined from a plot of solid layer thickness versus submersion time for a mold having particular attributes, including mold composition, mold thickness and initial mold temperature. The transition time, and thus the submersion time, corresponds to a maximum in solid layer thickness in the solid layer thickness versus submersion time curve for the particular mold.
摘要:
A method of making an article of a semiconducting material involves selecting a target thickness for the article and then submerging a mold into a molten semiconducting material for a submersion time effective to form a solid layer of semiconducting material over an external surface of the mold where the thickness of the solid layer is substantially equal to the target thickness. The submersion time is selected to be substantially equal to a transition time, which is determined from a plot of solid layer thickness versus submersion time for a mold having particular attributes, including mold composition, mold thickness and initial mold temperature. The transition time, and thus the submersion time, corresponds to a maximum in solid layer thickness in the solid layer thickness versus submersion time curve for the particular mold.
摘要:
Methods are disclosed for inspecting a cylindrical porous ceramic body by positioning a diffuser near, and spaced apart from, the first end of a ceramic body; flowing a tracer flow toward the diffuser, wherein a first portion of the tracer flow passes through the diffuser, and a second portion of the tracer flow does not pass through the diffuser, the first and second portions of the tracer flow then entering the first end of the ceramic body, wherein the average velocity of the first portion of the tracer flow entering the ceramic body VAVG1 is lower than the average velocity of the second portion of the tracer flow entering the ceramic body VAVG2; directing light toward the second end of the ceramic body; and detecting reflected light coming from a location proximate the second transverse face at the second end of the ceramic body.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods of making unsupported articles of semiconducting material using thermally active molds having an external surface temperature, Tsurface, and a core temperature, Tcore, whererin Tsurface>Tcore.
摘要:
An apparatus for mixing a vaporized precursor with a gas for producing silica particles is provided. The apparatus includes a mixer housing, a precursor delivery chamber having an output in communication with the mixer housing for delivering a vaporized precursor in the mixer housing, and an oxidizing gas delivery chamber having an output in communication with the mixer housing for delivering an oxidizing gas to be mixed with the vaporized precursor. The apparatus further includes a flashback member disposed within the mixer housing and between the output of the precursor delivery chamber and the output of the oxidizing gas delivery chamber. The flashback member is located at a minimum distance from the output of the oxidizing gas delivery chamber defined by Lminimum (cm)=0.453 U (Re)−0.5567, wherein U is the flow rate in cm/sec of precursor and Re is the flow Reynolds number. The flashback member may include a tapered surface on at least one side to reduce recirculation of vaporized gas.
摘要:
Methods are disclosed for inspecting a cylindrical porous ceramic body by positioning a diffuser near, and spaced apart from, the first end of a ceramic body; flowing a tracer flow toward the diffuser, wherein a first portion of the tracer flow passes through the diffuser, and a second portion of the tracer flow does not pass through the diffuser, the first and second portions of the tracer flow then entering the first end of the ceramic body, wherein the average velocity of the first portion of the tracer flow entering the ceramic body VAVG1 is lower than the average velocity of the second portion of the tracer flow entering the ceramic body VAVG2; directing light toward the second end of the ceramic body; and detecting reflected light coming from a location proximate the second transverse face at the second end of the ceramic body.
摘要:
A strengthened glass article has opposing first and second compressively stressed surface portions bound to a tensilely stressed core portion, with the first surface portion having a higher level of compressive surface stress than the second surface portion for improved resistance to surface damage, the compressively stressed surface portions being provided by lamination, ion-exchange, thermal tempering, or combinations thereof to control the stress profiles and limit the fracture energies of the articles.
摘要:
An apparatus for mixing a vaporized precursor with a gas for producing silica particles is provided. The apparatus includes a mixer housing, a precursor delivery chamber having an output in communication with the mixer housing for delivering a vaporized precursor in the mixer housing, and an oxidizing gas delivery chamber having an output in communication with the mixer housing for delivering an oxidizing gas to be mixed with the vaporized precursor. The apparatus further includes a flashback member disposed within the mixer housing and between the output of the precursor delivery chamber and the output of the oxidizing gas delivery chamber. The flashback member is located at a minimum distance from the output of the oxidizing gas delivery chamber defined by Lminimum (cm)=0.453 U (Re)−0.5567, wherein U is the flow rate in cm/sec of precursor and Re is the flow Reynolds number. The flashback member may include a tapered surface on at least one side to reduce recirculation of vaporized gas.
摘要:
A strengthened glass article has opposing first and second compressively stressed surface portions bound to a tensilely stressed core portion, with the first surface portion having a higher level of compressive surface stress than the second surface portion for improved resistance to surface damage, the compressively stressed surface portions being provided by lamination, ion-exchange, thermal tempering, or combinations thereof to control the stress profiles and limit the fracture energies of the articles.