公开(公告)号：US10696564B2

公开(公告)日：2020-06-30

申请号：US15999556

申请日：2018-08-20

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews

IPC: C02F1/02 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F5/02 ,  B01D1/00 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F9/00 ,  B01D3/00 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.

公开(公告)号：US10308526B2

公开(公告)日：2019-06-04

申请号：US14719299

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/56 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F11/122 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/28

Abstract: Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain embodiments of the water treatment systems and methods described herein may be used to treat water comprising one or more contaminants (e.g., oil, grease, suspended solids, scale-forming ions, volatile organic material) to remove at least a portion of the one or more contaminants. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may be used directly in certain applications (e.g., oil and/or gas extraction processes). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may undergo desalination to produce substantially pure water and/or concentrated brine.

公开(公告)号：US20190022550A1

公开(公告)日：2019-01-24

申请号：US16069896

申请日：2017-01-20

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Conor Thomas Wilson

IPC: B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/34 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F7/00

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to systems and methods for the formation of solid salts using a humidifier. According to certain embodiments, the flow velocity of a gas in the humidifier can be relatively high during the formation of the solid salt. In some embodiments, the humidifier comprises a multi-stage bubble column humidifier.

公开(公告)号：US10179296B2

公开(公告)日：2019-01-15

申请号：US14719239

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: B01D1/00 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D1/14 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/56 ,  C02F5/02

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

公开(公告)号：US10143935B2

公开(公告)日：2018-12-04

申请号：US14718483

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D1/14 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F101/32

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), and associated systems and methods. In certain embodiments, the apparatuses are configured to include various internal features, such as vapor distribution regions and/or liquid flow control weirs and/or baffles. In some cases, the apparatuses are used in water purification systems, such as desalination systems. The water purification systems may comprise additional devices external to the apparatuses, such as one or more heat exchangers, one or more heating devices, and/or one or more cooling devices.

公开(公告)号：US09700811B2

公开(公告)日：2017-07-11

申请号：US14667113

申请日：2015-03-24

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

IPC: B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01F3/04 ,  F24F6/12 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/22 ,  C02F103/08

CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F6/12 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

公开(公告)号：US20170113947A1

公开(公告)日：2017-04-27

申请号：US15401948

申请日：2017-01-09

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Steven Lam

IPC: C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/10 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28D21/00 ,  F28F27/00 ,  B01D3/42 ,  B01D3/16

CPC classification number: C02F1/008 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/4211 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  C02F1/043 ,  C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/265 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2209/02 ,  C02F2209/03 ,  C02F2209/38 ,  C02F2209/40 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  F28B1/02 ,  F28B5/00 ,  F28C1/02 ,  F28D21/0015 ,  F28D2021/0064 ,  F28F27/00 ,  F28F2200/00 ,  F28F2250/104

Abstract: A counter-flow simultaneous heat and mass exchange device is operated by directing flows of two fluids into a heat and mass exchange device at initial mass flow rates where ideal changes in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids are unequal. At least one of the following state variables in the fluids is measured: temperature, pressure and concentration, which together define the thermodynamic state of the two fluid streams at the points of entry to and exit from the device. The flow rates of the fluids at the points of entry and/or exit to/from the device are measured; and the mass flow rate of at least one of the two fluids is changed such that the ideal change in total enthalpy rates of the two fluids through the device are brought closer to being equal.

公开(公告)号：US20160228795A1

公开(公告)日：2016-08-11

申请号：US14719295

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

IPC: B01D21/02 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B03D1/14 ,  C02F1/24

CPC classification number: C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/004 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F1/283 ,  C02F1/40 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/463 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/56 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F11/122 ,  C02F2101/10 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2303/22

Abstract: Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain embodiments of the water treatment systems and methods described herein may be used to treat water comprising one or more contaminants (e.g., oil, grease, suspended solids, scale-forming ions, volatile organic material) to remove at least a portion of the one or more contaminants. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may be used directly in certain applications (e.g., oil and/or gas extraction processes). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the treated water may undergo desalination to produce substantially pure water and/or concentrated brine.

Abstract translation: 通常描述水处理系统和相关方法。 本文所述的水处理系统和方法的某些实施方案可用于处理包含一种或多种污染物（例如油，油脂，悬浮固体，结垢形成离子，挥发性有机材料）的水以除去至少一部分 或更多的污染物。 在一些实施方案中，处理水的至少一部分可以直接用于某些应用（例如油和/或气体萃取方法）。 在一些实施方案中，处理过的水的至少一部分可以进行脱盐以产生基本上纯的水和/或浓缩的盐水。

公开(公告)号：US20160130157A1

公开(公告)日：2016-05-12

申请号：US14946524

申请日：2015-11-19

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews

IPC: C02F1/04 ,  C02F5/02

CPC classification number: C02F1/042 ,  B01D1/0041 ,  B01D1/0082 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D5/006 ,  C02F1/041 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F1/42 ,  C02F1/445 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2305/00 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02A20/131

Abstract: Selective scaling in water treatment systems in which desalination is performed is generally described. According to certain embodiments, the location of the formation of solid scale within a water treatment system is controlled by adjusting one or more system parameters, such as the temperature and/or flow velocity of a saline stream within the water treatment system.

Abstract translation: 通常描述在进行脱盐的水处理系统中的选择性缩放。 根据某些实施例，通过调节一个或多个系统参数（例如水处理系统内的盐水流的温度和/或流速）来控制在水处理系统内形成固体垢的位置。

公开(公告)号：US09266748B1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-23

申请号：US14719189

申请日：2015-05-21

Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

IPC: B01D1/30 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F101/12

CPC classification number: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/16 ,  B01D3/346 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D17/0205 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/5245 ,  C02F1/66 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F2001/007 ,  C02F2001/5218 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/12 ,  C02F2101/32 ,  C02F2101/322 ,  C02F2101/325 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/10 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02P70/34

Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

Abstract translation: 在此描述与脱盐系统有关的系统和方法。 根据一些实施方案，脱盐系统被瞬时操作和/或构造以便于瞬时操作。 在一些实施方案中，包含水和至少一种溶解的盐的液体流循环通过包括脱盐系统的流体回路。 在一些实施方案中，脱盐系统的一部分（例如，加湿器）构造成从液体流中除去至少一部分水以产生富含溶解盐的浓缩盐水。 在某些情况下，浓缩的盐水流通过流体循环再循环，直到浓缩的盐水流达到相对较高的密度（例如，至少约10磅/加仑）和/或相对较高的盐度（例如，总溶解盐浓度 至少约25重量％）。 在某些实施方案中，将另外的盐加入到浓缩的盐水流中以产生超高密度盐水流（例如，具有至少约11.7磅/加仑密度的盐水流）。 一些方面涉及一种系统，其被配置为通过在从流体回路排出时从再循环浓缩盐水流中回收热量来提高能量效率。