摘要:
A process for the tertiary dealkylation of a tertiary alkyl containing m- and/or p-cresol wherein a tertiary alkyl containing m- and/or p-cresol is continously introduced into a reaction vessel with a small amount of sulfuric acid or an quivalent amount of a sulfonic acid and the reaction vessel contains a high concentration of m- and/or p-cresol or a high boiling phenol which under the prevailing reaction conditions is not substantially vaporized from the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature of no greater than 230.degree. C. The reaction products are withdrawn continuously from the reactor (and separated into its components) and at the same time a small amount of the reaction mixture being withdrawn intermittently or continously from the reactor.
摘要:
A process for the removal of acids and potential acid-forming agents from a composition containing such acids and potential acid-forming agents and an alkylphenol which composition is obtained by reacting phenols with alkenes in the presence of sulfuric acid or a sulfonic acid, and for treating the effluent thereby obtained, the process being characterized by the steps of:(a) extracting a major amount of the acid constituents from the alkylphenol mixture by means of water;(b) treating the alkylphenol mixture with a dilute aqueous alkali solution in an amount such that the alkali is insufficient to neutralize all the acid originally present in the alkylphenol mixture,(c) separating the alkylphenol mixture from the aqueous alkali solution;(d) combining the aqueous phases obtained from steps (a) and (b);(e) heating the combined aqueous phases to a temperature of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C,(f) separating off the organic phase obtained in step (e); and(g) discharging the aqueous phase.
摘要:
Aromatic hydrocarbons are chlorinated in the nucleus in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts and in the presence of co-catalysts in the liquid phase by using thiazepines as co-catalysts.
摘要:
In the preparation of a 1-alkyl- and 2-aryl-thio-methylphenol of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is, or the radicals R.sup.1 are, in the 3-, 5- and/or 6-positions relative to the hydroxyl group and each independently is a hydrogen or halogen atom, or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkoxy group,n is 1, 2, or 3, andR.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted phenyl radical or an optionally substituted aralkyl radical,by reacting a phenol of the formula ##STR2## with formaldehyde or an formaldehyde producing compound and with a mercaptan or a thiophenol of the formulaR.sup.2 --S--H.the improvement which comprises effecting the reaction at a temperature of about 90.degree. to 220.degree. C. in the presence of at least one compound of lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, cadmium, lead, manganese, cobalt, nickel, cooper, iron, chromium and aluminum as a catalyst. The products are obtained in high yield and selectivity.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of pure 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, pure 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol or a mixture of both hydroxybenzyl alcohols by reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst and subjecting the resulting reaction mixture to an at least 2-stage countercurrent extraction in a solvent system of water/organic solvent which is water-immiscible or water-miscible only to a limited extent.
摘要:
A process for the continuous preparation of a ditertiary butylcresol wherein m- or p-cresol is reacted with isobutene at elevated temperature using H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 as catalyst wherein the process is carried out stepwise by introducing stepwise into a reaction mixture comprising substantially all of the cresol to be reacted with isobutene. The total amount of isobutene introduced is introduced such that less isobutene is charged in a last stage of the process than in the first stage thereof. Thereafter the catalyst is deactivated.
摘要翻译:连续制备二叔丁基甲酚的方法,其中使用H 2 SO 4作为催化剂,在高温下使异丙烯与异丁烯反应,其中该步骤通过逐步引入含有基本上所有甲酚的反应混合物来逐步进行 与异丁烯反应。 导入的异丁烯的总量被引入,使得在该方法的最后阶段比在第一阶段中加入较少的异丁烯。 此后催化剂失活。
摘要:
In a particularly advantageous process for producing 2-cyanoindan-1-ones from 2-halogenated indan-1-ones by reaction with a cyanide salt, the cyanide salt is dissolved in a dipolar aprotic solvent or in a water-miscible ether and 2-halogenated indan-1-one is metered into this solution.
摘要:
Halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids are decarboxylated by heating them in the presence of water at temperatures of 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. and in the presence of water and other acids at temperatures above 80.degree. C.
摘要:
Hydroxypivalic acid is obtained from aqueous solutions by removal of the water by azeotropic distillation and subsequent crystallization from a solvent mixture which is composed of a polar and a non-polar component. The distillation is carried out under reduced pressure and at a maximum bottom temperature of 90.degree. C., until a residual water content of at least 0.1% of the total weight of the resulting solution is achieved.
摘要:
A process for separating off poorly soluble by-products from reaction mixtures which are produced in the oxidation of p-cresol with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in methanol as solvent in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide and in the presence of metal compounds as catalyst, is characterized in that, after the oxidation, excess alkali is neutralized to the extent that a salt precipitate forms and this salt precipitate is separated off together with the poorly soluble by-products.