摘要:
Described is a process for easily preparing an .alpha.-bromo,.omega.-chloroalkane which is high in purity represented by the formula: Br(CH.sub.2).sub.n Cl in which n stands for an integer of 4 to 12. The process comprises reacting in an organic solvent an .alpha.,.omega.-dichloroalkane with an .alpha..omega.-dibromoalkane. As the organic solvent, an aprotic nitrogen-containing or sulfur-containing organic solvent having a dielectric constant at 20.degree. C. of 20 or larger, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylimidazolidinone is preferred.
摘要:
An artificial soil structure includes at least one hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles provided in a soil. A particle size of the hydrophobic particles can be 2000 micrometers and less. The hydrophobic particles are sand and/or dirt treated with a water-repellent agent or hydrophobic particles having a high molecular weight polymer. An artificial water-retentive soil structure includes a soil block containing a water-retentive agent and a hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles provided on the soil block. A method of preventing land desertification includes the steps of placing a hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles in a soil at a prescribed depth from the earth surface and controlling the water content in said soil.
摘要:
An efficient cost- and labor-saving method is proposed for controlling the population of two kinds or more of different species of insectan pests in a field by means of distributing dispensers of sex pheromone compounds for the respective species of the insects when one of the sex pheromone compounds is an unsaturated C.sub.10 to C.sub.12 alcohol and the other is an unsaturated C.sub.14 to C.sub.20 acetate or aldehyde. When these two classes of the compounds are mixed in such a proportion that the overall solubility paramater .delta. of the mixture is 9.1 to 9.7 and the mixture is contained in a dispenser body made of polyethylene or a copolymer mainly composed of ethylene moiety, the two compounds can be concurrently emitted from the dispenser in the form of vapor each at a controlled rate over a desired length of time.
摘要:
Unreacted monomer or monomers and any other volatile organic compounds contained in an aqueous dispersion of polymerizate are removed or separated by a method comprising circulating the aqueous polymerizate dispersion from the bottom of its container to the upper part of the container located over the surface of the dispersion via an exterior conduit. The pressure in the container is maintained at a level reduced to about the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of the dispersion. This manner of separation of monomer from polymer serves to improve the working environment as well as the resulting polymer quality, and the monomer or monomers thus recoverd can be advantageously recycled.
摘要:
Provided is a mating disruption method capable of bringing a stable and effective mating disruption result. Specifically provided is a mating disruption method comprising a step of starting to apply a mating disruptant after mating and oviposition of imagoes of the first generation of an insect pest are substantially over and before imagoes of the second generation of the insect pest emerge, the mating disruptant targeting at least one kind of insect pest which contains one or more kinds of acetates as a natural sex pheromone.
摘要:
Herein disclosed is a sustained release dispenser capable of uniformly releasing a volatile liquid ingredient over a long time period even when the amount of the liquid ingredient remaining in a container is reduced. According to an embodiment, the sustained release dispenser comprises a plastic container 4 having a liquid and volatile ingredient-permeable outer layer 1 and a liquid-absorbable inner layer 3 having the same material as those of the outer layer 1 and a liquid and volatile ingredient 2 enclosed in the plastic container. According to other embodiment, the sustained release dispenser comprises a plastic container 6 in which grooves 5 are formed on the inner wall and a volatile ingredient 2 accommodated in the container 6. According to other embodiment, the sustained release dispenser comprises a bag formed from a liquid permeable film 7 provided with a highly wettable film 8 on the inner surface thereof and a liquid sex pheromone 9 accommodated in the bag.
摘要:
An artificial soil structure includes at least one hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles provided in a soil. A particle size of the hydrophobic particles can be 2000 micrometers and less. The hydrophobic particles are sand and/or dirt treated with a water-repellent agent or hydrophobic particles having a high molecular weight polymer. An artificial water-retentive soil structure includes a soil block containing a water-retentive agent and a hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles provided on the soil block. A method of preventing land desertification includes the steps of placing a hydrophobic layer of hydrophobic particles in a soil at a prescribed depth from the earth surface and controlling the water content in said soil.
摘要:
In the technology of population control of lepidopteral insects as an agricultural or horticultural pest, such as tomato pinworms, by distributing dispensers of sex pheromone of the species over the field, an unexpected discovery has been made that, to the contrary to the general understanding for the effectiveness of the E-isomer of the pheromone compound, e.g., 4-tridecenyl acetate, a rather higher activity can be obtained by using a mixture of the E-isomer and Z-isomer in a mixing proportion of 1:1 to 3:1 than the E-isomer in a high purity.
摘要:
Provided is a mating disruption method capable of bringing a stable and effective mating disruption result. Specifically provided is a mating disruption method comprising a step of starting to apply a mating disruptant after mating and oviposition of imagoes of the first generation of an insect pest are substantially over and before imagoes of the second generation of the insect pest emerge, the mating disruptant targeting at least one kind of insect pest which contains one or more kinds of acetates as a natural sex pheromone.
摘要:
A method of preventing and treating dry spots on the grass surface of a golf course comprising the sprinkling of a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and a water soluble polymer on the grass surface. The development of dry spots on the grass surface of a golf course can be prevented and also already developed dry spots can be treated and reduced by this method.